Library
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Books, articles, videos, and podcasts for each approach. Start with a few picks, or search everything.
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Start with these
Deliberate Practice in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A psychodynamic skills-rehearsal book covering therapeutic inquiry, emotional experience, defenses and the therapy relationship.
Paid · Purchase or library
Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Basic Text, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A compact training text organized around core competencies. The publisher lists chapters on key concepts; assessment, indications, and formulation; getting started; therapist interventions; goals and therapeutic action; resistance; dreams and fantasies; countertransference; working through and termination; supervision; and evaluating competencies.
Paid · Purchase or library
Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The standard teaching text for thinking about personality along two dimensions: the level of organization and the characteristic style. It is meant to deepen empathy and guide technique, not to sort people into labels.
Paid · Purchase or library
Psychoanalytic Case Formulation (opens in a new tab)
A practical companion to Psychoanalytic Diagnosis focused on building an individualized understanding of a person rather than a category.
Paid · Purchase or library
That Was Then, This Is Now: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for the Rest of Us (opens in a new tab)
A plain-language introduction that separates contemporary psychodynamic thinking from stereotypes. It explains mental life outside awareness, ordinary defenses, conflict and ambivalence, symptoms as old solutions, transference, and the therapist’s responsibility to examine their own contribution. It is an advocate’s overview; read it with the critiques in the evidence lesson.
Free
Deliberate Practice in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (overview webinar) (opens in a new tab)
An introductory webinar on practicing psychodynamic skills.
Free
Episode 265: Primitive Defense Mechanisms Explained (opens in a new tab)
A clinician discussion of defenses often seen with more complex personality functioning, including when the same defense is adaptive or costly.
Free
Psychoanalytic Supervision (opens in a new tab)
Useful for understanding what supervision adds to peer practice: a more experienced view of the trainee, the client, and the relationship between them.
Paid · Purchase or library
Deliberate Practice in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for CBT, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
Paid · Purchase or library
Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The standard introduction to Beckian cognitive therapy, from the cognitive model through session structure and belief work.
Paid · Purchase or library
The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Builds individualized formulations from cognitive, learning, and emotion theories, then uses progress monitoring and hypothesis testing to guide decisions session by session. Chapters cover nonadherence and treatment failure.
Paid · Purchase or library
The Clinician’s Guide to CBT Using Mind Over Mood, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
A clinician guide to collaborative use and adaptation of a workbook.
Paid · Purchase or library
All resources
626 sources
Deliberate Practice in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A psychodynamic skills-rehearsal book covering therapeutic inquiry, emotional experience, defenses and the therapy relationship.
inquiry, affect, defenses, transference, countertransference
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781433836732.
Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The source most associated with the two triangles. Read it as a historical clinical text: it shows how brief dynamic therapists linked feeling, anxiety, defense, and relationships, before attachment, relational, and mentalization research reshaped the field.
triangle of conflict, triangle of person, formulation, history
Second edition, 1995, ISBN 9780750623872. Often found used or through libraries.
Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Basic Text, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A compact training text organized around core competencies. The publisher lists chapters on key concepts; assessment, indications, and formulation; getting started; therapist interventions; goals and therapeutic action; resistance; dreams and fantasies; countertransference; working through and termination; supervision; and evaluating competencies.
assessment, formulation, frame, interventions, resistance
Purchase or institutional access through Psychiatry Online. ISBN 9781615370535.
Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The standard teaching text for thinking about personality along two dimensions: the level of organization and the characteristic style. It is meant to deepen empathy and guide technique, not to sort people into labels.
personality organization, personality style, defenses, formulation
Purchase or library access.
Psychoanalytic Case Formulation (opens in a new tab)
A practical companion to Psychoanalytic Diagnosis focused on building an individualized understanding of a person rather than a category.
formulation, assessment, temperament, identity, relationships
Purchase or library access.
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioner’s Guide (opens in a new tab)
A readable account of how a psychodynamic therapist works and why, including the attitudes behind technique.
frame, therapeutic relationship, technique, sensibility
Purchase or library access.
Psychoanalytic Supervision (opens in a new tab)
Useful for understanding what supervision adds to peer practice: a more experienced view of the trainee, the client, and the relationship between them.
supervision, countertransference, training
Purchase or library access.
Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 3rd ed. (PDM-3) (opens in a new tab)
A psychodynamic diagnostic reference that sits beside, not in place of, descriptive diagnosis. Its contents pair a personality axis (P), a profile of mental functioning (M), and the person’s subjective experience of symptoms (S), with separate sections for childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and older adults. This third edition replaces PDM-2 (2017) as the current version.
personality organization, mental functioning, subjective experience, assessment, lifespan
Purchase or library access. 1,058 pages.
Expanding Your Clinical Repertoire: Psychoanalytic Ideas You Can Use to Help Patients (opens in a new tab)
Listed here so learners know it is coming. It is not yet published and has not been reviewed.
integration, technique
Pre-order. Publisher lists the paperback for December 4, 2026.
Psychodynamic Therapy: A Guide to Evidence-Based Practice, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A pragmatic, research-informed model that organizes formulation around a person’s core psychodynamic problem and links it to likely mechanisms of change. The second edition adds remote and hybrid treatment.
formulation, core psychodynamic problem, alliance, mechanisms of change, remote practice
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781462554072.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Clinical Manual, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A step-by-step teaching manual used in many residency programs. Pair it with Gabbard for a structured beginner sequence.
listening, reflecting, intervening, frame, formulation
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781119141983.
Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance: A Relational Treatment Guide (opens in a new tab)
The foundational account of alliance ruptures, therapeutic metacommunication, and stage-process models of repair. Its chapters move from rethinking the alliance to rupture resolution, brief relational therapy, and training.
alliance, rupture and repair, metacommunication, relational
Purchase or library access.
Brief Dynamic Therapy, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
An overview of time-limited dynamic psychotherapy, an integrative brief model drawing on attachment, experiential learning, and systems ideas. A good bridge from the triangles to a contemporary interpersonal formulation.
time-limited dynamic psychotherapy, cyclical maladaptive pattern, attachment, experiential learning
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781433827761.
Brief Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy: A Clinician’s Guide, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A manualized brief psychodynamic treatment developed for mood disorders and offered for depression in the UK NHS. The second edition adds chapters on complex care, functional and somatic disorders, and internet-delivered work.
dynamic interpersonal therapy, interpersonal affective focus, mentalization, depression
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9780198867470.
Mentalization-Based Treatment for Personality Disorders: A Practical Guide (opens in a new tab)
The practical guide to mentalization-based treatment. Read it for the not-knowing stance and for why insight-oriented interpretation can backfire when someone’s capacity to reflect has collapsed under stress.
mentalizing, not-knowing stance, borderline personality, epistemic trust
Purchase or library access.
Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Clinical Guide (opens in a new tab)
The clinical guide to a contemporary object-relations treatment. Useful for seeing how a clear treatment contract and a focus on the here-and-now relationship organize work with more complex personality functioning.
transference-focused psychotherapy, object relations, treatment contract, borderline personality organization
Purchase or library access.
Reaching Through Resistance: Advanced Psychotherapy Techniques (opens in a new tab)
A dense guide to intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP). The linked review by David Hellerstein (Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy, 2016) is a balanced entry point: it praises the method’s clarity and cautions that the book assumes prior training and presents evidence with the enthusiasm of an originator.
intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, anxiety pathways, defenses, pacing
Book requires purchase. The linked review is free.
Psychoanalytic Theory and Cultural Competence in Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Proposes a framework that brings psychoanalytic thinking together with multicultural and feminist psychology, so that social context is part of the formulation rather than a footnote.
culture, identity, power, context in formulation
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781433841880.
That Was Then, This Is Now: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for the Rest of Us (opens in a new tab)
A plain-language introduction that separates contemporary psychodynamic thinking from stereotypes. It explains mental life outside awareness, ordinary defenses, conflict and ambivalence, symptoms as old solutions, transference, and the therapist’s responsibility to examine their own contribution. It is an advocate’s overview; read it with the critiques in the evidence lesson.
misconceptions, unconscious, defenses, transference, countertransference
Free author-hosted PDF.
Malan triangles (opens in a new tab)
A tertiary summary of where the triangles came from: Malan placed Henry Ezriel’s three-part account of group attitudes (simplified to defense, impulse, and anxiety) beside Karl Menninger’s triangle of insight. It also notes the criticism that the triangles can be applied mechanically and intellectually. Use it for orientation, then check its cited books.
triangle of conflict, triangle of person, history
Psychodynamic Therapy: As Efficacious as Other Empirically Supported Treatments? A Meta-Analysis Testing Equivalence of Outcomes (opens in a new tab)
Examines whether treatment comparisons satisfy a prespecified statistical definition of equivalence.
comparative outcomes, equivalence, allegiance
Journal access required. A full-text copy is hosted by a professional association.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is psychodynamic therapy equivalent to other treatments with established efficacy?
- Population
- Adults with depressive (8 trials), anxiety (4), eating (4), personality (4), substance use (2), and PTSD (1) disorders.
- Intervention
- Psychodynamic therapy.
- Comparator
- CBT in 21 trials; SSRI or SNRI medication in 2 depression trials.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials (2,751 patients) using an equivalence margin of ±0.25.
- Outcomes
- Target symptoms (primary), general symptoms, and psychosocial functioning, after treatment and at follow-up.
- Follow-up
- 16 trials reported follow-up.
- Key results
- After treatment, g = −0.153 (90% CI −0.227 to −0.079), slightly favoring comparators but inside the equivalence margin. At follow-up, g = −0.049 (90% CI −0.137 to 0.039). Psychosocial functioning at follow-up did not meet equivalence; it nominally favored psychodynamic therapy without a significant superiority test. Heterogeneity was negligible. Allegiance, quality, and diagnosis did not moderate results.
- Limitations
- Only 23 trials; just two medication comparisons and none against interpersonal therapy; response and remission rates were unsatisfactory for every treatment; equivalence is not the same as identical effects for every person.
The status of psychodynamic psychotherapy as an empirically supported treatment for common mental disorders – an umbrella review based on updated criteria (opens in a new tab)
A preregistered umbrella review that rated the certainty of evidence with GRADE. It is the most current broad summary, written by researchers closely identified with psychodynamic therapy.
umbrella review, GRADE, empirically supported treatment
Open access in World Psychiatry.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does psychodynamic therapy meet updated criteria for an empirically supported treatment for common adult disorders?
- Population
- Adults with depressive, anxiety, somatic symptom, personality, and other common disorders, across included meta-analyses.
- Intervention
- Psychodynamic therapy.
- Comparator
- Control conditions and other active treatments.
- Design
- Umbrella review of recent meta-analyses of randomized trials, rated by at least two raters, with GRADE certainty ratings; also considered effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and mechanisms.
- Outcomes
- Efficacy against controls and active treatments; benefits versus costs and harms.
- Follow-up
- As reported by the included meta-analyses.
- Key results
- The abstract reports high-certainty evidence of superiority over control conditions for depressive and somatic symptom disorders, moderate certainty for anxiety and personality disorders, and efficacy comparable to other active treatments. It recommends a “strong” rating on a three-level scale. The abstract reports no pooled effect sizes.
- Limitations
- The authors are leading psychodynamic researchers, so independent replication matters. An umbrella review inherits the weaknesses of the meta-analyses and trials it summarizes.
Psychodynamic therapy meets evidence-based medicine: a systematic review using updated criteria (opens in a new tab)
Applies explicit review criteria to psychodynamic treatment trials across several diagnostic groups.
randomized trials, gaps in evidence
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How much randomized evidence supports psychodynamic therapy for specific adult disorders under updated evidence criteria?
- Population
- Adults with specific mental disorders in randomized trials.
- Intervention
- Psychodynamic therapy delivered with manuals or manual-like guidelines.
- Comparator
- Controls and established treatments, including superiority, noninferiority, and equivalence designs.
- Design
- Systematic review of randomized trials meeting four criteria (randomization, manual guidance, reliable and valid measures, defined adult population).
- Outcomes
- Disorder-specific efficacy.
- Follow-up
- As reported by included trials.
- Key results
- 64 randomized trials met criteria. Equivalence-powered studies found no substantial differences from established treatments.
- Limitations
- Author team identified with psychodynamic research; few trials for obsessive-compulsive disorder and PTSD; the abstract reports no pooled effect sizes.
The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis update (opens in a new tab)
A depression-specific review that includes Pim Cuijpers, a prominent meta-analyst not identified with psychodynamic advocacy.
depression, short-term psychodynamic therapy
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is short-term psychodynamic therapy for adult depression?
- Population
- Adults with depression; 54 studies (33 randomized trials), 3,946 participants.
- Intervention
- Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Control conditions and other psychotherapies.
- Design
- Meta-analysis update.
- Outcomes
- Depression, general psychopathology, quality of life, anxiety.
- Follow-up
- Follow-up analyses reported.
- Key results
- Compared with controls after treatment, effects ranged from d = 0.49 to 0.69 across the reported outcomes. Comparisons with other psychotherapies were not statistically significant: d = −0.14 after treatment and −0.06 at follow-up. This is not a formal equivalence finding.
- Limitations
- The authors called for more high-quality comparisons with control conditions at follow-up and with antidepressants. Pooled “no difference” results can hide differences for subgroups.
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders (opens in a new tab)
Reviews short-term psychodynamic treatment trials and their different comparison conditions.
short-term psychodynamic therapy, common mental disorders
Abstract free; full review may require Cochrane access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Are short-term psychodynamic therapies effective for common mental disorders?
- Population
- Adults with common mental disorders.
- Intervention
- Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies.
- Comparator
- Minimal treatment, waitlist, or usual care.
- Design
- Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- General, anxiety, depressive, and somatic symptoms; social adjustment; interpersonal problems.
- Follow-up
- Short, medium, and long term.
- Key results
- Short-term general symptoms: 19 studies, 1,424 participants, SMD −0.71 (95% CI −1.00 to −0.41). Several long-term estimates had wide intervals crossing zero, for example general symptoms SMD −1.51 (−3.14 to 0.12) in 4 studies.
- Limitations
- Comparisons were mostly against minimal or usual care, not other active therapies; long-term estimates rest on few studies with high uncertainty.
The effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy—A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (opens in a new tab)
An important counterweight on treatment length. It found recovery rates similar to various controls and judged the evidence for long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy limited and at best conflicting.
long-term therapy, treatment duration, critique
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy more effective than other treatments?
- Population
- Patients with defined mental disorders in 11 randomized or quasi-randomized trials.
- Intervention
- Long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (LTPP).
- Comparator
- Various treatments, including specialized psychotherapies and usual care.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Recovery (primary); target problems, general symptoms, personality pathology, social functioning, quality of life.
- Follow-up
- Longest follow-up.
- Key results
- Recovery risk difference 0.00 (95% CI −0.17 to 0.17). Target problems g = −0.05 (−0.55 to 0.46). Very high heterogeneity on several outcomes (I² up to 96%). LTPP outperformed controls without specialized psychotherapy but not specialized psychotherapies.
- Limitations
- Few, heterogeneous trials; differing session counts between arms; this review and earlier favorable reviews disagree partly because they answer different questions with different comparators.
Efficacy of Psychotherapies for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
An independent and critical review: dialectical behavior therapy and psychodynamic approaches outperformed controls, but effects were small, inflated by risk of bias and publication bias, and unstable at follow-up.
borderline personality, risk of bias, publication bias
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective are psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- Adults with borderline personality disorder; 33 trials, 2,256 participants.
- Intervention
- Psychotherapies, including DBT and psychodynamic approaches.
- Comparator
- Control interventions, in stand-alone and add-on designs.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (searches to November 2015).
- Outcomes
- Borderline symptoms, self-harm, suicide, health service use, general psychopathology, retention.
- Follow-up
- 13 trials with follow-up.
- Key results
- For stand-alone treatment designs after treatment, g = 0.32 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.51). Across 13 follow-up trials, g = 0.45 (0.15 to 0.75). Model subgroups favored DBT and psychodynamic treatments, but follow-up estimates were unstable and publication bias remained.
- Limitations
- Small effects; few follow-up trials; bias likely inflates estimates. Search ended in 2015, so newer trials are not included.
Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long‐term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression: the Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS) (opens in a new tab)
Shows why follow-up matters: differences that were not significant at the end of treatment widened over the next two years. Also a clear example of limitations that temper the result.
treatment-resistant depression, long-term therapy, follow-up
Open access; repository copy available.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does adding 18 months of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to usual care help adults with long-standing depression after two failed treatments?
- Population
- 129 adults in UK primary care with major depression of at least two years and at least two failed treatments.
- Intervention
- 60 weekly 50-minute sessions over 18 months, plus usual care.
- Comparator
- Usual care following national guidelines.
- Design
- Pragmatic randomized trial with blinded interviewers.
- Outcomes
- Hamilton depression scale remission (partial ≤12, complete ≤8); diagnosis; functioning; quality of life.
- Follow-up
- 24, 30, and 42 months.
- Key results
- Partial remission at the end of treatment 32.1% versus 23.9% (not significant). At 42 months 30.0% versus 4.4% (p = 0.001). Complete remission at 42 months 14.9% versus 4.4% (not significant). The authors describe effects as medium and benefit as limited in both groups.
- Limitations
- Patients knew their allocation; more than a quarter of 42-month outcome data were missing; the arms differed in contact hours; a single provider organization; possible allegiance, partly offset by blinded raters.
Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy and Dynamic Psychotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Randomized Clinical Noninferiority Trial (opens in a new tab)
Tested brief dynamic therapy against cognitive therapy with community clinicians and patients, the kind of setting many trainees work in.
community mental health, noninferiority, depression
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is short-term dynamic therapy noninferior to cognitive therapy for depression in community mental health?
- Population
- 237 adult outpatients with major depression at a community mental health center; mean age 36; 75% women.
- Intervention
- 16 sessions of short-term dynamic psychotherapy over 5 months.
- Comparator
- 16 sessions of cognitive therapy.
- Design
- Randomized noninferiority trial; 20 community therapists trained by model experts; blinded raters.
- Outcomes
- Change on the Hamilton depression scale.
- Follow-up
- End of treatment.
- Key results
- Mean difference in change 0.86 points (95% CI −0.70 to 2.42), d = 0.11; dynamic therapy met noninferiority.
- Limitations
- Single site; mostly women; modest remission in both arms is typical of community samples; noninferiority depends on the chosen margin.
Transference Interpretations in Dynamic Psychotherapy: Do They Really Yield Sustained Effects? (opens in a new tab)
One of very few experiments on a specific psychodynamic technique. Average benefit was the same with or without transference interpretation, but people with long-standing relationship difficulties appeared to benefit more from it.
transference interpretation, object relations, moderators, dismantling design
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do transference interpretations add to the effects of dynamic psychotherapy?
- Population
- 100 outpatients with depression, anxiety, personality, and interpersonal problems.
- Intervention
- One year of weekly dynamic therapy with low-to-moderate transference interpretation.
- Comparator
- The same therapy without transference interpretation.
- Design
- Randomized dismantling trial with one- and three-year follow-up.
- Outcomes
- Psychodynamic Functioning Scales; interpersonal problems.
- Follow-up
- 1 and 3 years after treatment.
- Key results
- No main effect. In the subgroup with low lifelong quality of object relations (44 patients), the transference condition did better at treatment end (d = 0.54) and one-year follow-up (d = 0.55), tested at a lenient alpha of 0.10.
- Limitations
- Subgroup finding with small numbers and a lenient significance level; replication needed; a dismantling trial of one ingredient does not test the whole approach.
Randomized controlled trial of outpatient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder (opens in a new tab)
A randomized comparison of mentalization-based treatment and structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder.
mentalization-based treatment, structured clinical management, borderline personality
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does outpatient MBT improve outcomes over a well-structured comparison for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 134 patients referred to a specialist personality disorder service.
- Intervention
- 18 months of mentalization-based treatment.
- Comparator
- 18 months of structured clinical management.
- Design
- Randomized trial with blinded evaluators every 6 months.
- Outcomes
- Crisis events (suicidal or severe self-injurious behavior and hospitalization); social functioning; symptoms.
- Follow-up
- During the 18-month treatment period.
- Key results
- Both groups improved substantially on all outcomes. MBT showed a steeper decline in self-reported and clinically significant problems, including suicide attempts and hospitalization.
- Limitations
- Developer-led trial in a specialist service; the results concern this population and structured comparison and require replication across settings.
Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: A multiwave study (opens in a new tab)
Compared transference-focused psychotherapy, DBT, and supportive psychodynamic therapy. All three helped with depression, anxiety, and functioning; they differed in which other domains changed.
transference-focused psychotherapy, DBT, supportive psychotherapy, borderline personality
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do three active treatments compare for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 90 randomized outpatients with borderline personality disorder; 62 with enough data for growth-curve analysis.
- Intervention
- Transference-focused psychotherapy, twice weekly.
- Comparator
- DBT (individual, group, and phone consultation) and supportive treatment.
- Design
- Randomized trial over one year with four assessments.
- Outcomes
- Suicidality, aggression, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, social adjustment, global functioning.
- Follow-up
- None beyond one year.
- Key results
- All three improved depression, anxiety, global functioning, and social adjustment. TFP and DBT improved suicidality; TFP alone improved irritability and verbal and direct assault.
- Limitations
- No no-treatment control; small groups; attrition; medication not standardized; developer allegiance to TFP.
The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. (opens in a new tab)
The best-known synthesis linking alliance to outcome across therapies. It supports careful attention to the relationship in every approach, while reminding us that correlation is not proof that the alliance causes change.
alliance, common factors, process-outcome
Free PDF from the Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How strongly is the therapeutic alliance associated with outcome in adult psychotherapy?
- Population
- 295 independent samples, about 30,000 adult patients, 1978–2017.
- Intervention
- Alliance as measured by patients, therapists, or observers.
- Comparator
- Not applicable (correlational).
- Design
- Meta-analysis of alliance–outcome correlations.
- Outcomes
- Treatment outcome.
- Follow-up
- Varies.
- Key results
- r = .278 (95% CI .256 to .299), roughly 8% of outcome variance; similar across CBT, psychodynamic, interpersonal, and other approaches; I² about 71%.
- Limitations
- Correlational; dozens of different alliance measures; samples mostly from North America and Europe; therapists account for much alliance variability.
Repairing alliance ruptures. (opens in a new tab)
An early meta-analysis on rupture repair with clear practice recommendations, including the caution that frequent transference interpretation can harm and that the quality of an interpretation matters more than how often it is used.
rupture and repair, alliance, training
Free PDF hosted by a university clinic.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is repairing alliance ruptures associated with better outcome, and does rupture-resolution training help?
- Population
- 3 studies (148 patients) for repair–outcome; 8 training/supervision studies (376 patients) for pre–post change; 7 studies (343 patients) with control conditions for the between-groups training comparison.
- Intervention
- Rupture repair; rupture-resolution training and/or supervision for therapists.
- Comparator
- Repair–outcome analyses were correlational. Training controls varied: waitlist, active treatments, supervised active treatments, and therapists serving as their own controls with different patients before and after training.
- Design
- Small meta-analyses. Training analyses separated within-group pre–post gains from between-groups contrasts with control conditions.
- Outcomes
- Treatment outcome.
- Follow-up
- Varies.
- Key results
- Repair–outcome r = .24 (95% CI .09 to .39), 3 studies, 148 patients. Training pre–post r = .65 (.46 to .78), 8 studies, 376 patients; this does not estimate improvement over a control. Training versus control r = .15 (.04 to .26), 7 studies, 343 patients. Excluding one outlier reduced the controlled estimate to r = .11 (.01 to .21), 6 studies, 321 patients.
- Limitations
- Very few small studies. Repair–outcome associations do not establish causation. The pre–post estimate cannot isolate training from therapy, passage of time, or other confounds. controlled designs and comparison conditions varied, and the estimate was sensitive to an outlier.
Countertransference management and effective psychotherapy: Meta-analytic findings. (opens in a new tab)
Supports a central lesson: reactions acted on without reflection relate to worse outcomes, while managing them through self-awareness and understanding relates to better ones.
countertransference, self-awareness, therapist factors
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do countertransference reactions and their management relate to outcome?
- Population
- Three small meta-analyses of 9 to 14 studies each.
- Intervention
- Therapist countertransference reactions and management.
- Comparator
- Not applicable (correlational).
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Psychotherapy outcome.
- Follow-up
- Varies.
- Key results
- Reactions and outcome r = −.16; management and reactions r = −.27; management and outcome r = .39 (95% CI .17 to .60, 9 studies, 392 participants).
- Limitations
- Small number of studies; significant heterogeneity; definitions of countertransference vary.
The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. (opens in a new tab)
Introduces a widely discussed account of psychodynamic research; pair it with the published critical responses.
evidence, advocacy, common factors
Free author-hosted PDF.
Methods and mechanisms in the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. (opens in a new tab)
A methodological comment on claims about psychodynamic therapy. The separate Thombs, Jewett and Bassel comment has its own reference.
critique, meta-analytic methods, mechanisms
Excerpt of the comment section hosted publicly.
Deliberate Practice in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (overview webinar) (opens in a new tab)
An introductory webinar on practicing psychodynamic skills.
Free on YouTube.
Therapeutic Inquiry (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
A focused session on curious, open inquiry, the skill behind the first lesson.
inquiry, clarification, dynamic listening
Free on YouTube.
Deepening Emotional Experience (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
Pairs with the triangle-of-conflict lesson on helping feeling become experienced rather than explained.
affect, triangle of conflict
Free on YouTube.
Working With Defenses (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
Pairs with the lesson on naming a defense’s function without attacking it.
defenses, triangle of conflict
Free on YouTube.
Making Process Comments (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
Pairs with the frame and relationship lesson.
process comment, here and now, frame
Free on YouTube.
Countertransference (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
Pairs with the transference and countertransference lesson.
countertransference
Free on YouTube.
Transference Interpretations (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
Pairs with the transference and the intervention-and-timing lessons.
transference, interpretation
Free on YouTube.
Metaphors (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
An advanced skill for staying close to the client’s own imagery.
metaphor, emotional engagement
Free on YouTube.
Exploring Fantasy (single-skill webinar) (opens in a new tab)
An advanced skill for exploring wishes and fears through imagined scenarios.
fantasy, unconscious meaning
Free on YouTube.
Episode 241: Depressive Personality Style with Jonathan Shedler (opens in a new tab)
A long clinical conversation about a depressive personality style. Useful alongside the personality formulation lesson and the longitudinal case of Mara.
personality style, self-criticism, aggression, formulation
Show-notes timestamps (from the publisher): 00:08:55 Depressive personality styles: diagnosis and therapy; 00:15:34 The inner world of a depressive personality; 00:44:21 Aggression in therapy; 01:01:10 Betrayal conflict and naming harm
Free episode page and audio.
Episode 254: Countertransference and Transference with Frank Yeomans, MD (opens in a new tab)
A transference-focused psychotherapy perspective on transference, concordant and complementary countertransference, and projective identification. Compare it with the mentalization lens in the contemporary traditions lesson.
countertransference, transference, projective identification, object relations, TFP
Free episode page and audio.
Episode 265: Primitive Defense Mechanisms Explained (opens in a new tab)
A clinician discussion of defenses often seen with more complex personality functioning, including when the same defense is adaptive or costly.
defenses, splitting, projective identification, adaptive defenses
Show-notes timestamps (from the publisher): 00:45:08 Adaptive versus maladaptive uses of defenses; 01:12:30 Projective identification; 01:39:25 Splitting
Free episode page and audio.
Episode 249: Intergenerational Trauma Explained: The Role of Reflective Function and Mentalization in Healing Attachment (opens in a new tab)
A research-oriented episode on reflective function and disorganized attachment, with sections on TFP, MBT, and Minding the Baby.
mentalization, reflective function, attachment, MBT, TFP
Free episode page and audio.
Shrink Rap Radio 459: Reaching Through the Resistance in Psychotherapy with Allan Abbass (opens in a new tab)
Introduces an ISTDP clinician’s approach to emotional avoidance and resistance.
ISTDP, resistance, somatic symptoms
Free episode page and audio.
Deliberate Practice in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for CBT, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
CBT skills
Purchase or library access.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The standard introduction to Beckian cognitive therapy, from the cognitive model through session structure and belief work.
cognitive model, automatic thoughts, beliefs, session structure
Purchase or library access.
The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Builds individualized formulations from cognitive, learning, and emotion theories, then uses progress monitoring and hypothesis testing to guide decisions session by session. Chapters cover nonadherence and treatment failure.
case formulation, learning theory, emotion theory, monitoring progress, decision making
Purchase or library access.
Collaborative Case Conceptualization: Working Effectively with Clients in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Edition ©2009; hardcover first released in December 2008.
Proposes a “crucible” model in which client experience and theory combine through collaborative empiricism, moving from describing the problem, to mapping one typical moment, to explaining how the pattern developed over time, with explicit attention to strengths.
case conceptualization, collaborative empiricism, strengths, resilience
Purchase or library access.
Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach (opens in a new tab)
Examine inhibitory learning as a framework for designing exposure exercises.
exposure, inhibitory learning, expectancy violation, safety behaviors
Author manuscript available in PMC; journal version requires access.
Cognitive behavior therapy vs. control conditions, other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis including 409 trials with 52,702 patients (opens in a new tab)
Read a broad synthesis of CBT depression trials, their comparisons and methodological limits.
depression, comparative outcomes, formats
Open access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is CBT for depression against controls, other therapies, medication, and combined treatment?
- Population
- 409 trials (518 comparisons), 52,702 patients of all ages and settings.
- Intervention
- CBT in individual, group, guided, and self-help formats.
- Comparator
- Care as usual or waitlist; other psychotherapies; antidepressants; combined treatment.
- Design
- Random-effects meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Depression severity.
- Follow-up
- Short term and 6–12 months.
- Key results
- Against control g = 0.79 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.89). Against other psychotherapies g = 0.06 (0 to 0.12), non-significant in most sensitivity analyses. Against medication: no short-term difference; at 6–12 months g = 0.34 (0.09 to 0.58) favoring CBT, from few trials. Combined treatment beat medication alone but not CBT alone.
- Limitations
- Waitlist controls inflate effects; long-term comparisons rest on few trials; heterogeneity across formats and populations.
Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. (opens in a new tab)
Examine a trial comparing behavioral activation, cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication.
behavioral activation, depression, component analysis
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication compare for adult major depression?
- Population
- 241 adults with major depressive disorder.
- Intervention
- Behavioral activation.
- Comparator
- Cognitive therapy; antidepressant medication; pill placebo.
- Design
- Randomized placebo-controlled trial with severity as a moderator.
- Outcomes
- Depression outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Acute treatment phase.
- Key results
- Among high-severity patients, behavioral activation was comparable to medication and both outperformed cognitive therapy.
- Limitations
- A single trial in one research network; check later trials and reviews before generalizing about components.
Do we need to challenge thoughts in cognitive behavior therapy? (opens in a new tab)
Explore a conceptual debate about the role of thought challenging in CBT.
mechanisms, cognitive restructuring, component studies
Journal access required.
APA author webinar: Deliberate Practice in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (opens in a new tab)
The authors describe how the practice book is used.
Free on YouTube.
Episode 202: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) with Dr. Judith Beck (opens in a new tab)
Hear Judith Beck discuss how CBT is understood and practiced.
cognitive model, collaboration, recovery-oriented CBT
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Deliberate Practice to Develop and Enhance Skills in ACT (opens in a new tab)
A skills-development book for ACT, with exercises for practicing acceptance, flexibility and valued action.
ACT processes
Purchase or library access.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The Process and Practice of Mindful Change, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Second edition ©2012; hardcover first released in September 2011. Paperback release in 2016 is the same edition.
The developers’ core text, presenting ACT as a model of psychological flexibility grounded in functional contextualism.
psychological flexibility, functional contextualism, relational frame theory
Purchase or library access.
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems (opens in a new tab)
A widely cited meta-analysis restricted to clinically relevant problems.
efficacy, comparative outcomes
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is ACT for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems?
- Population
- 39 randomized trials, 1,821 patients with mental disorders or somatic health problems.
- Intervention
- ACT.
- Comparator
- Waitlist, psychological placebo, treatment as usual, and CBT.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Primary and secondary outcomes, life satisfaction, process measures.
- Follow-up
- Post-treatment and follow-up combined.
- Key results
- Overall against controls g = 0.57; waitlist g = 0.82; psychological placebo g = 0.51; treatment as usual g = 0.64. No significant difference from CBT (p = 0.14).
- Limitations
- Mixed populations; no-difference results do not establish equivalence; quality varied.
The empirical status of acceptance and commitment therapy: A review of meta-analyses (opens in a new tab)
Read an overview of ACT meta-analyses and the questions used to assess that literature.
umbrella review, transdiagnostic
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What do existing meta-analyses show about ACT’s efficacy?
- Population
- 20 meta-analyses, 100 controlled effect sizes, 12,477 participants; anxiety, depression, substance use, pain, and transdiagnostic groups.
- Intervention
- ACT.
- Comparator
- Inactive controls, treatment as usual, and active treatments.
- Design
- Review of meta-analyses.
- Outcomes
- Condition-specific outcomes.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- ACT was generally superior to inactive controls, treatment as usual, and most active comparators except CBT, with which it was comparable.
- Limitations
- Author allegiance; overlapping trials across meta-analyses; quality of the underlying trials.
The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Examine a critical systematic review and its assessment of ACT study quality.
critique, methodological quality
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What is the efficacy and methodological quality of ACT trials?
- Population
- 60 randomized trials, 4,234 participants with psychiatric or somatic disorders or work stress.
- Intervention
- ACT.
- Comparator
- Various controls and other cognitive behavioral treatments.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis with quality ratings.
- Outcomes
- Primary outcomes.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Mean effect 0.42; against other cognitive or behavioral treatments 0.16 (non-significant). Rated probably efficacious for chronic pain and tinnitus; possibly efficacious for depression, psychotic symptoms, OCD, mixed anxiety, drug abuse, and work stress.
- Limitations
- Disputed: a 2017 response reported numerous factual and interpretive errors in the quality ratings.
Departing from the essential features of a high quality systematic review of psychotherapy: A response to Öst (2014) and recommendations for improvement (opens in a new tab)
Read a methodological response to Öst’s review and recommendations for reviewing psychotherapy.
critique, review methods
Journal access required.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Defusion (opens in a new tab)
A short training video on defusion.
defusion
Episode 103: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Dr. Steven Hayes (opens in a new tab)
November 21, 2020.
Hear an ACT co-developer explain psychological flexibility and the model’s origins.
psychological flexibility, history of ACT
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Deliberate Practice in Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Motivational Interviewing, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
reflective listening, change talk
Purchase or library access.
Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change and Grow, 4th ed. (opens in a new tab)
The developers’ current text.
spirit, four processes, change talk, discord
Purchase or library access.
Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Coding Manual 4.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
A coding system with four global scores (cultivating change talk, softening sustain talk, partnership, empathy) and behavior counts such as questions, simple and complex reflections, affirmations, and emphasizing autonomy. Its authors list structured practice feedback as one use. Three Sides drills borrow the idea of counting observable behaviors, not the manual’s thresholds.
coding, feedback, reflections, partnership, empathy
Free PDF; marked as a draft not to be cited without permission.
Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (opens in a new tab)
The most recent Cochrane synthesis: small, short-lived benefits against no intervention and little or no difference against usual care or other active treatments, with low certainty.
substance use, certainty of evidence
Abstract free; full review may need Cochrane access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does MI reduce substance use?
- Population
- 93 randomized trials, 22,776 participants.
- Intervention
- Motivational interviewing.
- Comparator
- No intervention, usual care, assessment and feedback, other active interventions.
- Design
- Cochrane systematic review with GRADE.
- Outcomes
- Extent of substance use; readiness; retention.
- Follow-up
- Post, short, medium, and long term.
- Key results
- Against no intervention, short term SMD 0.20 (0.12 to 0.28, very low certainty). Against usual care, medium term 0.12 (0.02 to 0.22, low). Against other active interventions, near zero at all time points (low). Against assessment and feedback, medium and long term 0.24 (moderate).
- Limitations
- 69 of 93 studies had high risk of bias in at least one domain; certainty mostly low or very low.
A Meta-Analysis of Motivational Interviewing: Twenty-Five Years of Empirical Studies (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of Motivational Interviewing.
efficacy, moderators
Repository record; full text may be available through the institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is MI across problems?
- Population
- 119 studies.
- Intervention
- MI and adaptations such as motivational enhancement therapy.
- Comparator
- Weak comparisons and specific treatments.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Behavior change outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Varied; effects described as durable.
- Key results
- Against weak comparisons g = 0.28; against specific treatments g = 0.09 (non-significant). Feedback, delivery time, manualization, format, and ethnicity moderated outcomes.
- Limitations
- Mixed problem areas and quality; older literature.
Do what you say and say what you are going to do: A preliminary meta-analysis of client change and sustain talk subtypes in motivational interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Process evidence that sustain talk subtypes predict worse outcomes and that change talk subtypes differ in what they predict.
change talk, sustain talk, mechanisms
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do subtypes of client change and sustain talk predict outcome after MI?
- Population
- 13 studies, 16 MI conditions, 1,556 participants.
- Intervention
- MI sessions coded for client language.
- Comparator
- Not applicable (correlational).
- Design
- Preliminary meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Addictive behavior at follow-up.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- More sustain talk about reasons, desire, and ability predicted more addictive behavior; a higher proportion of reason change talk predicted less.
- Limitations
- Preliminary; heterogeneity; unstable estimates; correlational.
APA author webinar: Deliberate Practice in Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the practice book.
Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast, episode 199: Motivational Interviewing with William Miller (opens in a new tab)
Hear Miller discuss MI’s origins and conversational approach.
spirit, history
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Person-Centered Psychotherapies, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A current overview of person-centered theory and its contemporary family of therapies.
core conditions, contemporary developments, theory
Purchase or library access.
The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. (opens in a new tab)
Sets out Rogers’s relational conditions as a theoretical proposition for study.
core conditions, empathy, congruence, unconditional positive regard
Free PubMed bibliographic record; full original article may require journal access.
Therapist empathy and client outcome: An updated meta-analysis. (opens in a new tab)
Reviews how therapist empathy is defined, measured, and studied across psychotherapy.
empathy, process-outcome
Repository copy.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How strongly does therapist empathy relate to client outcome?
- Population
- 82 independent samples, 6,138 clients.
- Intervention
- Therapist empathy (client, observer, therapist ratings).
- Comparator
- Not applicable (correlational).
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Client outcome.
- Follow-up
- Varied.
- Key results
- r = .28 (95% CI .23 to .33), d = .58; held across orientations; perceived empathy predicted better than empathic-accuracy measures.
- Limitations
- Correlational; heterogeneous.
Research on humanistic-experiential psychotherapies: Updated review (opens in a new tab)
The major review of humanistic-experiential therapies. Written by researchers in the tradition; note their discussion of researcher allegiance in CBT comparisons.
humanistic therapies, comparative outcomes
Author-accepted manuscript in repository.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective are humanistic-experiential psychotherapies?
- Population
- 91 studies, 2009–2018.
- Intervention
- Person-centered, emotion-focused, gestalt, psychodrama.
- Comparator
- No therapy; other therapies including CBT.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Client change.
- Follow-up
- Varied.
- Key results
- Pre-post d = .86; versus no therapy d = .88; versus other therapies d = −.08 (equivalent); versus CBT d = −.26 (small, equivocal CBT advantage). EFT strongest, then person-centered; generic supportive approaches weakest.
- Limitations
- CBT comparisons often run by CBT researchers with non-bona fide humanistic arms; mixed results for depression and anxiety.
Person-centred experiential therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy delivered in the English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies service for the treatment of moderate or severe depression (PRaCTICED): a pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority trial (opens in a new tab)
Provides a concrete trial design for comparing person-centered experiential therapy and CBT in a routine service.
depression, noninferiority, routine care
Repository copy available.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is person-centred experiential therapy noninferior to CBT for moderate to severe depression in routine care?
- Population
- 510 adults in an English IAPT service.
- Intervention
- Person-centred experiential therapy (counselling for depression).
- Comparator
- CBT.
- Design
- Pragmatic randomized noninferiority trial; margin 2 PHQ-9 points.
- Outcomes
- PHQ-9 at 6 months; 12 months secondary.
- Follow-up
- 12 months.
- Key results
- 6 months: difference −0.35 (95% CI −1.53 to 0.84), noninferior. 12 months: 1.73 (0.26 to 3.19) favoring CBT; noninferiority not shown.
- Limitations
- Substantial attrition; single site; per-protocol exclusions.
Person-Centered Therapy Over Time (opens in a new tab)
Shows person-centered therapy across a course of recorded sessions.
demonstration
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Warren Bennis interviews Carl Rogers (opens in a new tab)
A historical interview with Rogers.
history, Rogers
Free page.
Deliberate Practice in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for DBT, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
validation, chain analysis
Purchase or library access.
DBT Skills Training Manual, Revised Edition (opens in a new tab)
The skills manual for DBT’s four modules.
skills training, mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness
Purchase or library access.
Dialectical behavior therapy for high suicide risk in individuals with borderline personality disorder: a randomized clinical trial and component analysis (opens in a new tab)
Published correction: Correction notice (opens in a new tab). Check the corrected article when using its results.
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of DBT.
component analysis, skills training, suicide risk
Journal access required; a public copy is hosted by an advocacy organization.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which DBT components matter for people at high suicide risk?
- Population
- 99 women with borderline personality disorder and recent suicidal behavior or self-injury.
- Intervention
- Standard DBT (individual, skills group, consultation team, phone coaching).
- Comparator
- DBT skills plus case management; DBT individual therapy without skills training.
- Design
- Randomized component analysis, one year of treatment and one year of follow-up.
- Outcomes
- Suicide attempts, self-injury, crisis services, depression, anxiety, dropout.
- Follow-up
- One year.
- Key results
- Similar reductions in suicide attempts across arms. Skills-containing arms had fewer self-injury acts during treatment. Dropout 24% standard DBT, 39% skills plus case management, 48% individual-only.
- Limitations
- 33 per arm; not powered for equivalence; high dropout; women only.
Dialectical behavior therapy compared with general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: clinical outcomes and functioning over a 2-year follow-up (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of DBT.
general psychiatric management, follow-up, functioning
Primary abstract freely available; full journal access may require a subscription.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Were improvements after DBT and general psychiatric management sustained over two years?
- Population
- 180 adults with borderline personality disorder and recent repeated suicidal or self-harming behavior.
- Intervention
- One year of DBT.
- Comparator
- One year of general psychiatric management.
- Design
- Randomized trial with two-year naturalistic follow-up.
- Outcomes
- Suicide attempts, self-harm, remission, functioning.
- Follow-up
- Two years.
- Key results
- The primary abstract reports similar sustained improvements across treatments, alongside continuing functional impairment; numerical estimates are not presented here.
- Limitations
- Naturalistic follow-up after the randomized treatment year; missing data and subsequent care complicate interpretation. The abstract does not establish superiority of DBT.
Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of DBT.
borderline personality, certainty of evidence
Abstract free.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What are the effects of psychological therapies for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 75 trials, 4,507 participants.
- Intervention
- BPD-tailored psychotherapies including DBT and MBT.
- Comparator
- Treatment as usual; waitlist.
- Design
- Cochrane systematic review with GRADE.
- Outcomes
- BPD severity, self-harm, suicide-related outcomes, functioning.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Against usual care: BPD severity SMD −0.52 (moderate certainty, clinically meaningful); self-harm −0.32 and suicide-related outcomes −0.34 (low certainty). DBT versus usual care: severity −0.60, self-harm −0.28 (low certainty).
- Limitations
- Low certainty for most comparisons; sparse adverse-effect reporting; mostly women.
Deliberate Practice in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the practice book.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (opens in a new tab)
The founding treatment text, useful for the relationship between acceptance strategies and behavioral change.
treatment hierarchy, dialectics, validation, behavioral analysis
Purchase or library access.
Doing Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A Practical Guide (opens in a new tab)
A clinician-facing guide to making a formulation and choosing strategies in an individual session.
case formulation, validation, change strategies
Purchase or library access.
Chain Analysis in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Focused support for reconstructing a behavior and finding practical intervention points.
chain analysis, problem assessment, solution analysis
Purchase or library access.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Clinical Practice, Second Edition: Applications across Disorders and Settings (opens in a new tab)
Shows how the model is adapted to populations and settings while attending to fidelity.
comprehensive DBT, adaptations, implementation
Purchase or library access.
Therapy-Interfering Behavior in DBT (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary support for addressing obstacles in both the client and therapist without blame.
therapy-interfering behavior, reinforcement, consultation
Purchase or library access.
Dialectical behavior therapy skills use as a mediator and outcome of treatment for borderline personality disorder (opens in a new tab)
Study how researchers measure DBT skills use and investigate it as a proposed change process.
skills use, mechanisms, emotion regulation
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does skill use help explain improvement?
- Population
- 108 women with BPD across three trials.
- Intervention
- DBT.
- Comparator
- Control treatments.
- Design
- Longitudinal mediation analysis.
- Outcomes
- Skill use, suicide attempts, depression, anger, self-injury.
- Follow-up
- Four months after one-year treatment.
- Key results
- At the end of treatment, participants in DBT reported about three times as much skill use as participants in control treatments; several mediation effects were significant.
- Limitations
- Self-report, women only; mediation does not establish a causal mechanism.
Two-Year Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-up of Dialectical Behavior Therapy vs Therapy by Experts for Suicidal Behaviors and Borderline Personality Disorder (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of DBT.
comprehensive DBT, suicidal behavior, retention
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does DBT outperform expert treatment for high-risk adult BPD?
- Population
- Women with BPD and recent suicidal or self-injuring behavior.
- Intervention
- DBT.
- Comparator
- Community psychotherapy by experts.
- Design
- Randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Suicide attempts, acute services, dropout.
- Follow-up
- One year after one-year treatment.
- Key results
- DBT participants were roughly half as likely to attempt suicide; retention and acute service outcomes also favored DBT.
- Limitations
- Specific high-risk female sample; developer-led treatment, generalization requires care.
Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents at High Risk for Suicide: A Randomized Clinical Trial (opens in a new tab)
Published correction: Correction notice (opens in a new tab). Check the corrected article when using its results.
A multisite adolescent trial with an active treatment comparator and a qualified-team setting.
adolescents, self-harm, comprehensive DBT
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does adolescent DBT reduce repeat self-harm?
- Population
- 173 adolescents aged 12–18, mostly female.
- Intervention
- Six months of DBT.
- Comparator
- Individual and group supportive therapy.
- Design
- Multisite randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injury, total self-harm.
- Follow-up
- One year total.
- Key results
- At treatment end 90.3% of assessed DBT participants versus 78.9% of controls had no suicide attempt.
- Limitations
- Benefits narrowed by 6–12 months; mostly female participants.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy variants for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (opens in a new tab)
Separates specialized trauma variants from standard DBT and from isolated skills teaching.
trauma, DBT-PTSD, DBT prolonged exposure
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What evidence supports PTSD-specific DBT variants?
- Population
- Participants with PTSD in eligible DBT-PTSD and DBT-PE evaluations.
- Intervention
- Specialized DBT trauma treatments.
- Comparator
- Varied controlled comparisons and pre-post evaluations.
- Design
- Preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis, search through September 2023.
- Outcomes
- PTSD and related symptoms.
- Follow-up
- Varies across studies.
- Key results
- Review supports improvement, but variants and study designs differ.
- Limitations
- Do not equate specialized protocols with standard DBT or unsupervised peer exercises.
Stand-alone dialectical behavior therapy skills training for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
A current review useful for distinguishing promising skills-only outcomes from evidence for comprehensive treatment.
skills-only treatment, retention, evidence limitations
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What changes occur during stand-alone four-module DBT skills groups?
- Population
- Adults with diagnosed BPD; seven eligible studies, five in meta-analysis.
- Intervention
- Stand-alone DBT skills training.
- Comparator
- Mixed controlled and uncontrolled designs.
- Design
- Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- BPD severity, depression, psychopathology, dropout.
- Follow-up
- Varies.
- Key results
- Within-arm BPD severity d = −1.32; pooled dropout 29%.
- Limitations
- Large heterogeneity and pre-post effects; cannot infer superiority or replace comprehensive high-risk care.
Transdiagnostic patient experiences of dialectical behavioural therapy: a systematic review and metasynthesis (opens in a new tab)
Adds patient perspectives on engagement, difficulty using skills, and relational support.
patient experience, access, validation, skills generalization
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do patients experience DBT groups across conditions?
- Population
- 32 qualitative or mixed-method papers across mental health conditions and ages.
- Intervention
- DBT interventions containing groups.
- Comparator
- No efficacy comparator.
- Design
- Systematic review and thematic synthesis.
- Outcomes
- Patient experiences and perceived change processes.
- Follow-up
- Varies.
- Key results
- Themes concern getting to DBT, the difficult journey through it, and the future.
- Limitations
- Qualitative synthesis does not estimate comparative effectiveness; experiences and contexts differ.
Therapist Adherence to Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Routine Practice: Common Challenges and Recommendations for Improvement (opens in a new tab)
Makes the case for practicing neglected change and dialectical strategies alongside acceptance.
fidelity, therapist training, change strategies, dialectics
Abstract free; full article access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Where does routine-care delivery depart from DBT?
- Population
- 158 sessions, 63 therapists, 78 clients in two studies.
- Intervention
- Routine DBT individual therapy.
- Comparator
- No randomized comparator.
- Design
- Observational adherence coding.
- Outcomes
- Adherence to acceptance, structural, change, and dialectical strategies.
- Follow-up
- Session-level observations.
- Key results
- 54.4% of sessions met adherence threshold; change and dialectical strategies scored lowest.
- Limitations
- Selected sessions, observational design; not evidence that one brief drill improves outcomes.
Opposite Action (opens in a new tab)
A therapist demonstrates translating an emotion-driven urge into a different action.
skills training, opposite action
Public page available.
DBT Skills to Interrupt Dissociation (opens in a new tab)
A specialist demonstrates noticing dissociation signs and collaboratively selecting grounding strategies.
skills training, grounding, trauma
Public page available.
Invalidation (opens in a new tab)
A group demonstration of how words, tone, and attention can invalidate.
validation, skills training
Public page available.
Emotion vs Reasonable Mind (opens in a new tab)
A group demonstration that makes room for the useful aspects of emotion and reason.
mindfulness, wise mind, skills training
Public page available.
Important Functions of a DBT Team (opens in a new tab)
Examine how a DBT consultation team supports clinical reasoning and therapist motivation.
consultation team, therapist support
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
#7: Understanding Validation in Relationships and Why We All Need It (opens in a new tab)
Explore levels of validation and their role in everyday relationships.
validation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
#38: What the Heck is Dialectics? (opens in a new tab)
Explore how dialectical thinking makes room for more than one perspective.
dialectics, both-and thinking
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
#42: Distress Tolerance Overview Part 1 (opens in a new tab)
Explains when distress tolerance can help and why it does not replace problem solving.
distress tolerance, coaching
Public page available.
Deliberate Practice in Emotion-Focused Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Emotion-Focused, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
empathy, markers, tasks
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in Emotion-Focused Therapy: official sample chapter (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract with the book’s introduction.
Free PDF.
Learning Emotion-Focused Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The comprehensive guide to the process-experiential approach and its tasks.
emotion assessment, markers, tasks, case formulation
Purchase or library access.
Emotion-Focused Therapy Deliberate Practice (video) (opens in a new tab)
A demonstration of deliberate practice in EFT.
demonstration
Paid or institutional.
Emotion Assessment workshop with Leslie Greenberg (opens in a new tab)
A paid training event on emotion assessment by the approach’s founder. Listed as an upcoming event, not a reviewed recording.
emotion assessment
Paid registration; scheduled October 16, 2026.
The effects of adding emotion-focused interventions to the client-centered relationship conditions in the treatment of depression (opens in a new tab)
Examines the addition of emotion-focused tasks to a client-centered relational treatment.
depression, process guiding, dismantling
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does adding emotion-focused tasks to client-centered conditions improve depression outcomes?
- Population
- 38 adults with major depressive disorder.
- Intervention
- 16–20 sessions of EFT.
- Comparator
- 16–20 sessions of client-centered therapy.
- Design
- Randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Depression, symptom distress, interpersonal distress, self-esteem.
- Follow-up
- Not reported in the abstract reviewed.
- Key results
- Both improved; symptom improvement was greater with EFT.
- Limitations
- Small sample; developer allegiance; abstract-level review.
A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: Results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. (opens in a new tab)
Published correction: Correction notice (opens in a new tab). Check the corrected article when using its results.
Describes a feasibility comparison of EFT and CBT for generalized anxiety disorder.
generalized anxiety, feasibility
Repository record.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is a trial comparing EFT and CBT for generalized anxiety feasible, and how do outcomes look?
- Population
- 58 clients in an Irish public service.
- Intervention
- 16–20 sessions of EFT.
- Comparator
- 16–20 sessions of CBT.
- Design
- Feasibility randomized trial; eight therapists trained in both.
- Outcomes
- GAD-7 and other measures.
- Follow-up
- 6 months.
- Key results
- Large pre-post change in both; similar outcomes; dropout 10% EFT versus 27% CBT (not significant); benefits retained at 6 months.
- Limitations
- Feasibility design not powered for comparison; developer allegiance.
Deliberate Practice in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
cycle, enactments
Purchase or library access. ISBN 9781433842962.
Deliberate Practice in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
The Practice of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: Creating Connection, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The core clinical text by the model’s developer.
attachment, cycle, stages, enactments
Purchase or library access.
Attachment Theory in Practice: Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) with Individuals, Couples, and Families (opens in a new tab)
Extends the attachment-based model to individuals and families.
attachment, individual EFT, family EFT
Purchase or library access.
Training DVD 5: Re-engaging Withdrawers (opens in a new tab)
Focuses on helping a partner who pulls away become emotionally engaged in the couple’s conversation.
withdrawer re-engagement, demonstration
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
A comprehensive meta-analysis on the efficacy of emotionally focused couple therapy. (opens in a new tab)
Shows how a contemporary review assembles and appraises EFCT research.
relationship distress, follow-up, fidelity
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is EFCT for couple distress?
- Population
- 20 studies, 332 couples (randomized, quasi-experimental, dissertations).
- Intervention
- Emotionally focused couple therapy.
- Comparator
- Pre-post change; alternative couple interventions.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Relationship satisfaction and related outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Up to two years.
- Key results
- Within-group pre/post d = .93 (.75 to 1.12); comparison with alternative interventions d = .44 (.03 to .85); within-group pre/follow-up d = .86. These designs answer different questions.
- Limitations
- Small total sample; inclusion of quasi-experimental studies and dissertations; likely allegiance.
The Efficacy of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy and Behavioral Couples Therapy: A Meta-Analysis (opens in a new tab)
Compares EFCT and behavioral couple therapy against controls.
couple therapy, comparative outcomes
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How efficacious are EFCT and behavioral couple therapy compared with controls?
- Population
- Distressed couples in randomized trials.
- Intervention
- EFCT; behavioral couple therapy.
- Comparator
- Control conditions.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Relationship satisfaction.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- see the paper.
- Limitations
- Carried-forward record; verify figures before citing.
Randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy compared to treatment as usual for depression: Outcomes and mechanisms of change (opens in a new tab)
A small trial linking EFCT to improvements in relationship satisfaction and, for men, depression.
depression, mechanisms
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does EFCT improve depression and relationship satisfaction compared with usual couple therapy?
- Population
- 16 couples.
- Intervention
- EFCT.
- Comparator
- Other couple therapy as usual.
- Design
- Randomized trial with mechanism analyses.
- Outcomes
- Relationship satisfaction; depressive symptoms.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Greater improvement in satisfaction for both partners; greater depression improvement for men.
- Limitations
- Very small sample.
Deliberate Practice in Systemic Family Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Edition ©2023; first on-sale October 2022.
A skills-rehearsal book for Family Systems, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
systemic skills
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in Systemic Family Therapy: official sample chapter (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
Handbook of Family Therapy: The Science and Practice of Working With Families and Couples (opens in a new tab)
A broad handbook spanning models, research, and practice. Year follows the earlier record; confirm on the publisher page.
models, evidence, couple and family
Purchase or library access.
Becoming an Effective Family Therapist: Research, Practice, and Case Stories (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary, dialogical view of family therapy practice illustrated with cases.
dialogue, therapist reflection, case stories
Purchase or library access.
Systemic Family Therapy Deliberate Practice (video) (opens in a new tab)
A deliberate-practice demonstration.
demonstration
Paid or institutional.
Family therapy and systemic interventions for child‐focussed problems: The evidence base (opens in a new tab)
First published online November 8, 2024; cited by final issue year 2025.
Surveys systemic research concerning child-focused clinical problems.
child-focused problems, evidence base
Journal access; earlier versions in a university repository.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What is the evidence for systemic interventions when a child is the main concern?
- Population
- Families with infants, children, and adolescents across many problems.
- Intervention
- Family therapy and family-based interventions, including parent training.
- Comparator
- As reported in included reviews.
- Design
- Narrative review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
- Outcomes
- Child-focused problems.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Reports a substantial evidence base for infant mental health, sleep and feeding problems, recovery from abuse and neglect, externalizing and internalizing problems, eating disorders, somatic problems, and psychosis.
- Limitations
- Single-author narrative synthesis; broad definition of “systemic” includes parent training.
Couple therapy and systemic interventions for adult‐focused problems: The evidence base (opens in a new tab)
Surveys systemic research concerning adult-focused clinical problems.
adult-focused problems, couple therapy
Journal access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What is the evidence for systemic interventions for adult-focused problems?
- Population
- Adults and couples with relationship, psychosexual, mood, anxiety, alcohol, psychosis, and illness-adjustment problems.
- Intervention
- Couple and family therapy and systemic interventions.
- Comparator
- Individual therapies and controls as reported.
- Design
- Narrative review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and controlled trials.
- Outcomes
- Problem-specific outcomes.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- About as effective as individual therapies across these problems; more effective for relationship distress, situational intimate partner violence, and delaying relapse in schizophrenia.
- Limitations
- Narrative synthesis; heterogeneity of models.
Deliberate Practice in Schema Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Schema Therapy, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
limited reparenting, empathic confrontation
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in Schema Therapy: official sample chapter (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide (opens in a new tab)
The founding practitioner text. Its chapters move from the conceptual model and assessment through cognitive, experiential, and behavioral strategies, the therapy relationship, and mode work, with chapters on borderline and narcissistic personality disorders.
conceptual model, assessment, experiential strategies, behavioral pattern-breaking, therapy relationship
Purchase or library access.
Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary, multi-author guide.
contemporary schema therapy, modes, adaptations
Purchase or institutional access.
APA authors webinar: Deliberate Practice in Schema Therapy (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the book.
Wendy Behary: The Challenge of the Angry Client — Differentiating and Treating Angry Modes (opens in a new tab)
A talk on working with angry modes.
modes, anger, empathic confrontation
Access may require ISST membership.
Outpatient Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Randomized Trial of Schema-Focused Therapy vs Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of Schema Therapy.
borderline personality, comparative trial, dropout
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does schema-focused therapy compare with transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 88 outpatients at four community mental health centers.
- Intervention
- Schema-focused therapy, twice weekly for three years.
- Comparator
- Transference-focused psychotherapy, same intensity.
- Design
- Multicenter randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Borderline severity, recovery, general psychopathology, quality of life, dropout.
- Follow-up
- 1, 2, and 3 years.
- Key results
- Both improved. At three years, schema therapy patients were more likely to recover (RR 2.18) and to show reliable improvement (RR 2.33); dropout was higher in TFP.
- Limitations
- Developer involvement on the schema side; debates about TFP adherence; no third comparison.
Effectiveness of Predominantly Group Schema Therapy and Combined Individual and Group Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of Schema Therapy.
group schema therapy, borderline personality, format
Repository copy available.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Are group and combined formats of schema therapy effective for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 495 adults at 15 sites in 5 countries.
- Intervention
- Predominantly group schema therapy; combined individual and group schema therapy; two years.
- Comparator
- Treatment as usual.
- Design
- Randomized clinical trial.
- Outcomes
- Borderline severity (primary), suicide attempts, retention.
- Follow-up
- Up to three years.
- Key results
- Combined format versus usual care d = 1.14; predominantly group versus usual care d = 0.30 (not significant); combined better than predominantly group d = 0.84. Retention at two years 74% combined, 62% group, 64% usual care.
- Limitations
- Unstandardized usual care; no specialized comparator; novice group therapists; attrition; developer-led.
Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of the Clinical Effectiveness of Schema Therapy for Personality Disorders (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of Schema Therapy.
cluster C, personality disorders, recovery
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is schema therapy effective for several non-borderline personality disorders?
- Population
- 323 patients at 12 Dutch institutes.
- Intervention
- 50 sessions of schema therapy.
- Comparator
- Clarification-oriented psychotherapy; treatment as usual.
- Design
- Multicenter randomized trial; blinded interviewers.
- Outcomes
- Recovery from personality disorder at three years.
- Follow-up
- Three years.
- Key results
- More recovery with schema therapy than either comparator; lower dropout; differences on interview-based but not self-report measures.
- Limitations
- Developer-led; small comparator arm; self-report measures did not show differences.
Deliberate Practice in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for REBT, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
disputing, ABC
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in REBT: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
New Directions in Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary developments in REBT, edited by a leading practitioner-scholar.
contemporary REBT, theory
Purchase or library access.
APA authors webinar: Deliberate Practice in REBT (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the book.
Anger: Raymond DiGiuseppe in conversation with Windy Dryden (opens in a new tab)
A conversation about anger from an REBT perspective.
anger, healthy and unhealthy emotions
50 years of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of REBT.
efficacy, irrational beliefs
Open access copy in PMC.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is REBT?
- Population
- 84 articles; 68 for between-group analyses.
- Intervention
- REBT.
- Comparator
- Other interventions and controls.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Outcomes and irrational beliefs.
- Follow-up
- Posttest.
- Key results
- Between-group d = 0.58 on outcomes and 0.70 on irrational beliefs; within-group d = 0.56 and 0.61.
- Limitations
- Mixed comparators; heterogeneous populations; allegiance.
A systematic review of the nature and efficacy of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy interventions (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of REBT.
quality appraisal, settings, measurement
Open access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What REBT interventions have been studied, and how effective are they?
- Population
- 162 studies, 1972–2023; mostly non-clinical adults; education, health care, workplaces, sport.
- Intervention
- REBT interventions.
- Comparator
- Various.
- Design
- Systematic review without meta-analysis (heterogeneity).
- Outcomes
- Irrational and rational beliefs, mental and physical health.
- Follow-up
- Where measured, belief changes were maintained.
- Key results
- Most studies reported reduced irrational beliefs with medium-to-large effects; about two-thirds reported mental health improvements. Randomized trials averaged 47% on quality appraisal.
- Limitations
- Poor reporting; no gold-standard belief measure; few REBT-only comparisons.
Deliberate Practice in Interpersonal Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for IPT, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
interpersonal inventory, problem areas
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in IPT: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract that includes introductory material.
grief
Free PDF.
The Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Updated and Expanded Edition (opens in a new tab)
The developers’ guide to IPT, including adaptations.
problem areas, phases, adaptations
Purchase or institutional access.
Brief overview of IPT (opens in a new tab)
A short overview by a developer of IPT.
overview
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (opens in a new tab)
Surveys IPT trials across mental health conditions and comparison treatments.
depression, comparative outcomes, anxiety, eating disorders
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is IPT across mental health problems?
- Population
- 90 studies, 11,434 participants.
- Intervention
- IPT.
- Comparator
- Controls, other therapies, medication, combined treatment.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Depression (acute, maintenance, prevention), anxiety, eating disorders.
- Follow-up
- Maintenance and prevention studies included.
- Key results
- Acute depression versus control g = 0.60 (0.45 to 0.75); versus other therapies g = 0.06 (n.s.); versus medication g = −0.13 (n.s.); combined beat IPT alone g = 0.24. Reduced relapse in maintenance.
- Limitations
- Heterogeneity across disorders; fewer trials outside depression; one author is an IPT developer.
Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: a randomized controlled trial (opens in a new tab)
A landmark trial of IPT adapted to local culture and delivered in groups by trained local leaders.
cultural adaptation, group IPT, task sharing
Free copy hosted by a child welfare network.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does culturally adapted group IPT reduce depression in rural Uganda?
- Population
- Thirty villages in rural Uganda: 341 initially eligible adults, 248 enrolled, and 224 completed and were reinterviewed.
- Intervention
- 16 weekly 90-minute sex-segregated groups led by trained local leaders.
- Comparator
- Usual care (not assessed).
- Design
- Cluster randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Depression and functioning.
- Follow-up
- End of intervention reported.
- Key results
- Major depression after intervention 6.5% versus 54.7%; larger reductions in depression and dysfunction scores.
- Limitations
- Incomplete blinding and an unassessed usual-care comparison. Sample size followed prior agreements rather than a prospective power calculation; retrospective calculations were reported. Group support cannot be separated from IPT content.
A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (opens in a new tab)
IPT adapted for adolescents (IPT-A) outperformed usual care in school-based clinics.
adolescents, school-based care, adaptation
Free journal summary; original requires access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does school-clinic IPT-A improve adolescent depression relative to usual care?
- Population
- 63 adolescents;mean age15.1, predominantly female/Hispanic.
- Intervention
- IPT-A delivered by clinic clinicians.
- Comparator
- Treatment as usual.
- Design
- 16-week randomized effectiveness trial in5 NYC school clinics.
- Outcomes
- Greater symptom and functioning improvement in IPT-A.
- Follow-up
- 16-week acute trial.
- Key results
- IPT-A n34;TAU n29.
- Limitations
- Small setting-specific sample; not evidence for every youth condition or general relational skills.
Deliberate Practice in Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for AEDP, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
metaprocessing, dyadic regulation
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in AEDP: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
Undoing Aloneness and the Transformation of Suffering Into Flourishing: AEDP 2.0 (opens in a new tab)
The current statement of AEDP theory and practice.
transformance, metatherapeutic processing, flourishing
Purchase or library access.
Tailoring Treatment to Attachment Patterns: Healing Trauma in Relationship (opens in a new tab)
Adapting AEDP to attachment patterns.
attachment patterns, trauma, tailoring
Purchase or library access.
Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy Over Time (opens in a new tab)
A demonstration across sessions.
demonstration
Paid or institutional.
The effectiveness of accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy (AEDP) in private practice settings: A transdiagnostic study conducted within the context of a practice-research network. (opens in a new tab)
Introduces the AEDP practice-network outcome study and its naturalistic, uncontrolled design.
naturalistic study, practice research network
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do clients improve in AEDP delivered in private practice?
- Population
- Adults with mixed problems treated by AEDP therapists in a practice research network.
- Intervention
- AEDP.
- Comparator
- None (pre-post design).
- Design
- Naturalistic, uncontrolled practice-network study.
- Outcomes
- Symptoms and well-being measures.
- Follow-up
- 6 and 12 months reported in a 2022 follow-up paper.
- Key results
- see the paper.
- Limitations
- No control group; therapists affiliated with the model; cannot establish efficacy.
The long-term outcome of accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy: 6- and 12-month follow-up results. (opens in a new tab)
Follows the AEDP practice-network sample six and twelve months after treatment.
follow-up, naturalistic study
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Are AEDP gains maintained over 12 months?
- Population
- Follow-up of the 2020 sample.
- Intervention
- AEDP.
- Comparator
- None.
- Design
- Naturalistic follow-up.
- Outcomes
- Symptoms and well-being.
- Follow-up
- 6 and 12 months.
- Limitations
- Uncontrolled; attrition likely; model-affiliated authors.
Efficacy of experiential dynamic therapy for psychiatric conditions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (opens in a new tab)
A review of the broader experiential dynamic therapy family. Its pooled results are not AEDP-specific randomized evidence; a 2025 update is listed separately.
experiential dynamic therapies, randomized trials
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How efficacious are experiential dynamic therapies?
- Population
- 28 randomized trials, 1,782 adults with mood, anxiety, personality, or mixed disorders (1978–2014).
- Intervention
- Experiential dynamic therapies (a family including ISTDP, affect phobia therapy, and others).
- Comparator
- Inactive controls and active treatments.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Symptoms and functioning.
- Follow-up
- Follow-up included.
- Key results
- EDT showed greater improvement than inactive controls. Comparisons with active treatments after treatment were not statistically significant; EDT outperformed supportive therapy at follow-up (d = .75). Nonsignificance does not establish formal equivalence.
- Limitations
- Pools different models; does not test AEDP specifically.
Deliberate Practice in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Child and Adolescent, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
working with youth and caregivers
Purchase or library access.
Sample child and adolescent deliberate-practice syllabus (Appendix C) (opens in a new tab)
A free sample syllabus showing how a course can be organized.
training, syllabus
Free PDF.
Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Chapters by treatment developers on specific evidence-based youth treatments.
evidence-based treatments, problem-specific models
Purchase or library access.
APA authors webinar: Deliberate Practice in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the book.
Child and Adolescent Therapy Deliberate Practice (video) (opens in a new tab)
A deliberate-practice demonstration.
demonstration
Paid or institutional.
What five decades of research tells us about the effects of youth psychological therapy: A multilevel meta-analysis and implications for science and practice. (opens in a new tab)
Surveys five decades of youth psychotherapy trials across conditions and treatment settings.
youth therapy, five decades, informants, usual care
Author-lab copy available.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective are youth psychological therapies, and has that changed over time?
- Population
- 447 randomized trials, 30,431 youths, 1963–2013.
- Intervention
- Psychological therapies for youth.
- Comparator
- Waitlist, usual care, and other controls.
- Design
- Multilevel meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Targeted problems by informant.
- Follow-up
- About 11 months on average.
- Key results
- Post-treatment effect 0.46; follow-up 0.36. Anxiety 0.61, conduct 0.46, ADHD 0.34, depression 0.29, multiple problems 0.15 (n.s.). Usual care comparisons 0.30. No improvement in effects across five decades.
- Limitations
- Underrepresentation of minority youth; English-language peer-reviewed studies only; possible publication bias; few teacher reports.
Deliberate Practice in Behavioral Parent Training (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Behavioral Parent Training, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
coaching, parent skills
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in BPT: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
Handbook of Behavioral Parent Training (opens in a new tab)
A recent handbook spanning parent training models and adaptations.
programs, evidence, adaptations
Purchase or library access.
Parent–Child Interaction Therapy Conducted Online (opens in a new tab)
A demonstration of live coaching delivered online.
PCIT, coaching, telehealth
Paid or institutional.
Group-based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children (opens in a new tab)
Tentative short-term support for group programs for children under about four, with smaller and less certain effects on teacher and observer reports.
young children, group programs, certainty
Abstract free.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do group-based parent training programs improve young children’s emotional and behavioral adjustment?
- Population
- 24 studies, 3,161 parents and children; mean child age under four.
- Intervention
- Behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and video-modeling group programs.
- Comparator
- Waitlist or usual care.
- Design
- Cochrane review of 22 randomized and 2 quasi-randomized trials.
- Outcomes
- Parent-rated child problems and independently observed parent–child interactions.
- Follow-up
- Short and medium term.
- Key results
- Parent-rated externalizing subscale: SMD −0.23 (−0.46 to −0.01). Observed negative interaction: −0.22 (−0.39 to −0.06); positive interaction: 0.48 (0.17 to 0.79). These are different outcomes, not interchangeable informant ratings.
- Limitations
- Short-term findings in young children. The parent-rated total-problem result lost statistical significance when quasi-randomized trials were excluded; bias and small samples limit interpretation.
A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training program effectiveness (opens in a new tab)
Examines associations between parent-training components and study outcomes.
components, mechanisms
Public record from a CDC repository and evidence maps.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which components are associated with more effective parent training?
- Population
- 77 published studies (1990 and later).
- Intervention
- Parent training programs.
- Comparator
- As reported.
- Design
- Meta-analysis with component coding.
- Outcomes
- Parenting and child behavior.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Program components were associated with different outcomes. This coding analysis cannot show that adding a component causes improvement; unverified aggregate numbers have been removed.
- Limitations
- Correlational component analysis
Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years (opens in a new tab)
An earlier review entry kept for continuity. Confirm its exact title and authors before citing.
group programs, conduct problems
Access varies.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- See the record.
- Population
- See the record.
- Intervention
- Group parenting programs.
- Comparator
- See the record.
- Design
- Systematic review.
- Outcomes
- See the record.
- Follow-up
- See the record.
- Limitations
- Carried-forward entry; verify before citing.
Deliberate Practice in Multicultural Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A skills-rehearsal book for Multicultural Practice, with exercises for partners and guidance for trainers.
broaching, repair
Purchase or library access.
Deliberate Practice in Multicultural Therapy: official sample pages (opens in a new tab)
A free official extract.
Free PDF.
Cultural Humility: Engaging Diverse Identities in Therapy, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The main text on cultural humility and multicultural orientation in therapy.
cultural humility, multicultural orientation, repair
Purchase or library access.
Multicultural Therapy: A Practice Imperative (opens in a new tab)
A practice-focused overview of multicultural therapy.
multicultural therapy, practice
Purchase or library access.
Multicultural Guidelines: An Ecological Approach to Context, Identity, and Intersectionality (opens in a new tab)
Ten professional guidelines built on a layered ecological model and intersectionality, emphasizing fluid identity, bias awareness, language, power and institutional inequity, cultural adaptation, and strengths.
guidelines, intersectionality, ecological model, power
Free summary article; full guidelines available from APA.
APA authors webinar: Deliberate Practice in Multicultural Therapy (opens in a new tab)
The authors discuss the book.
Cultural adaptations and therapist multicultural competence: Two meta‐analytic reviews (opens in a new tab)
Distinguishes research on cultural adaptation from research on therapist multicultural competence.
cultural adaptation, multicultural competence, client perception
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do cultural adaptations improve outcomes, and does therapist multicultural competence relate to outcome?
- Population
- 99 studies of adaptations; 15 studies of competence.
- Intervention
- Culturally adapted treatments; therapist multicultural competence.
- Comparator
- Comparison conditions varied across adaptation studies; competence analyses examined associations.
- Design
- Two meta-analyses.
- Outcomes
- Client outcomes.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Culturally adapted treatments: d = 0.50, adjusted to 0.35 for publication bias. Client-rated competence correlated with outcome (r = .38); therapist self-ratings did not show a similar association (r = .06). The pooled treatment effect is not an isolated causal effect of adaptation.
- Limitations
- Publication bias; correlational competence data; heterogeneity in what counts as adaptation.
Developing therapists’ multicultural orientation using web-based deliberate practice: An initial feasibility, usability, and acceptability study. (opens in a new tab)
An initial test of a self-guided training tool, with modest usability and acceptability ratings; it does not test clinical outcomes.
multicultural orientation, training feasibility, usability and acceptability
PubMed abstract is readable; it links the open-access PMC author manuscript. Direct PMC fetch was blocked in this audit.
Solution Focused Therapy Treatment Manual for Working with Individuals, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
The association’s free treatment manual: tenets (solution building over problem solving, exceptions, small changes), core techniques, the not-knowing stance, and how therapy ends.
tenets, preferred future, miracle question, exceptions, scaling
Free PDF.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques (opens in a new tab)
A clinical reference from BRIEF in London connecting the approach’s origins with its questions and applications.
history, best hopes, preferred futures, scales
Purchase or library access.
The power of the few (opens in a new tab)
A practitioner’s plain account of BRIEF-style practice: opening with best hopes, describing a preferred future, and using scales by exploring what is already in place.
best hopes, preferred future, scaling, miracle question
Free article page.
The Best Hopes Question: a detailed deconstruction (opens in a new tab)
A short presentation on how the opening question is built.
best hopes
Using a scale framework: the key practice points (opens in a new tab)
A short presentation on scale questions.
scaling questions
The current evidence of solution-focused brief therapy: A meta-analysis of psychosocial outcomes and moderating factors (opens in a new tab)
Reviews psychosocial outcome studies and examines how research design relates to estimates.
outcomes, moderators, publication bias, comparators
Open access through the University of Amsterdam repository.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is SFBT on psychosocial outcomes, and what moderates the effect?
- Population
- 79 studies (72 non-overlapping samples), N = 4,356: patients, students, parents, couples, and others in school, outpatient, community, correctional, and hospital settings.
- Intervention
- SFBT with at least one core component.
- Comparator
- No treatment or waitlist (48 studies), treatment as usual (25), active alternative (2; too few to analyze).
- Design
- Three-level meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies; preregistered.
- Outcomes
- Well-being, depression, anxiety, internalizing and externalizing problems, family and school functioning, coping, addiction.
- Follow-up
- Post-test g = 1.23; follow-up g = 1.03 (not significantly different).
- Key results
- Overall g = 1.17 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.50). Versus no treatment g = 1.59; versus usual care g = 0.58. Clinical samples g = 0.78; non-clinical g = 1.50. Unpublished studies averaged g = 0.01 versus 1.26 for published.
- Limitations
- Publication bias could not be ruled out; almost no active comparators; treatment integrity and therapist training not analyzable; language restrictions; large heterogeneity.
Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Systematic Qualitative Review of Controlled Outcome Studies (opens in a new tab)
An earlier systematic review of controlled solution-focused therapy studies.
controlled studies, problem areas, session counts
Free PDF from the publisher’s site.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What do controlled outcome studies show about SFBT?
- Population
- 43 controlled studies: child school and behavior problems (14), adult mental health (10), family (6), occupational rehabilitation (5), health and aging (5), crime (4).
- Intervention
- SFBT.
- Comparator
- Various; 10 studies compared SFBT with an alternative treatment.
- Design
- Systematic qualitative review (vote counting); 24 randomized studies.
- Outcomes
- As reported in each study.
- Follow-up
- Varied.
- Key results
- 32 of 43 (74%) significant benefit; 20 of 24 randomized studies (83%). Of 10 comparisons with alternatives, 6 found rough equivalence.
- Limitations
- Vote counting ignores effect size; weak designs in child studies; fidelity judged by technique counts; publication bias not addressed.
Effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (opens in a new tab)
An umbrella review grading confidence by outcome, and showing that study design explains much of the variation in effect sizes.
umbrella review, confidence ratings, study design differences
Publisher lists the article as open access; direct full-text fetch was blocked in this audit.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What does the body of SFBT reviews conclude, and with what confidence?
- Population
- 25 systematic reviews, including 15 meta-analyses.
- Intervention
- SFBT.
- Comparator
- As in included reviews.
- Design
- Umbrella review with confidence grading.
- Outcomes
- Depression, overall mental health, goal progress, internalizing and externalizing problems, and others.
- Follow-up
- As in included reviews.
- Key results
- The authors’ GRADE-UR assessment rated adult depression, overall mental health, and goal progress highly. This is their outcome-specific judgment, not a universal certainty rating. Goal-progress evidence was mainly nonrandomized.
- Limitations
- AMSTAR-2 rated 20% of included reviews low quality and 80% critically low. Reviews overlapped substantially, and evidence came mainly from adults in Western settings.
Skills in Gestalt Counselling & Psychotherapy, 5th ed. (opens in a new tab)
A current skills text covering each stage of therapy, including risk, support, shame, difference and power, experimenting, and trauma stabilization before processing.
phenomenology, field theory, awareness, change process, relationship
Purchase or library access.
The Paradoxical Theory of Change (opens in a new tab)
The short classic: change happens when a person becomes more fully what they are, not when they try to become what they are not.
paradoxical theory of change, acceptance, integration
Free text hosted by The Gestalt Journal Press.
The Relational Attitude in Gestalt Therapy Theory and Practice (opens in a new tab)
Original article published in 2002. Linked text is the Portuguese translation published in IGT na Rede, 3(4), in 2007; the translation’s DOI is not the original article’s DOI.
Explains a relational attitude in Gestalt theory and clinical practice.
phenomenology, field theory, dialogue, shame, relational Gestalt
Free on the journal site.
All Gestalt, episode 6: Field Theory (opens in a new tab)
Explores field theory: understanding a person’s experience in relation to the situation and relationships around them.
field theory
Free episode.
Gestalt psychotherapy research database (opens in a new tab)
A specialist research index: a starting point, not a claim that every method has equal support.
research index
Gestalt Therapy Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence (opens in a new tab)
An honest snapshot of how thin the direct evidence is: 11 studies over 2007–2018, mostly pre-post designs.
effectiveness, group therapy, evidence gaps
Open access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What empirical evidence supports Gestalt therapy’s effectiveness?
- Population
- 11 studies: older adults, depression, nightmares, children with dysthymia, anxious parents, divorced women, offenders, and others.
- Intervention
- Gestalt therapy, mostly in groups.
- Comparator
- Few control groups; one comparison with national benchmark data.
- Design
- Systematic review with narrative synthesis (2007–2018; English and Italian).
- Outcomes
- Symptoms, functioning, self-efficacy, participation.
- Follow-up
- Varied; rarely reported.
- Key results
- 1,215 records screened; 11 included. Mostly pre-post designs; no study described as randomized.
- Limitations
- Single reviewer screening with consultation; small, poorly described samples; narrative synthesis; group formats only.
Chairwork in individual psychotherapy: Meta-analyses of intervention effects. (opens in a new tab)
Chairwork deepened experiencing more than empathic responding, and repeated chairwork across treatment had a modest added effect on outcomes.
chairwork, experiencing, emotional arousal, symptom change
Journal access required.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What are chairwork’s effects on process and outcome in individual therapy?
- Population
- Clients in individual psychotherapy studies (number not given in the abstract).
- Intervention
- Chairwork (single session or repeated across treatment).
- Comparator
- Empathic responding and other interventions; treatments without chairwork.
- Design
- Meta-analyses with narrative synthesis where data were insufficient.
- Outcomes
- Depth of experiencing, emotional arousal, core-belief credibility, symptoms.
- Follow-up
- As reported.
- Key results
- Single session: experiencing d = .90 versus empathic responding; symptom change d = 1.73 pre-post but d = .02 versus other methods. Repeated chairwork versus treatments without it: d = .40.
- Limitations
- Study count and N not in the abstract; orientation may moderate effects; authors are researchers in the experiential tradition.
Experiential therapies including Chairwork: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (opens in a new tab)
Twenty-two randomized trials of experiential treatments that include chairwork, with most at high or some risk of bias.
chairwork, randomized trials, risk of bias
Open access.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What do randomized trials show for experiential therapies that include chairwork?
- Population
- 22 RCTs: depression, binge eating, OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, childhood trauma, unfinished business, anger, and others.
- Intervention
- Experiential treatments with chairwork components.
- Comparator
- Client-centered therapy, CBT, exposure, psychoeducation, waitlist, empathic exploration.
- Design
- Systematic review of RCTs (searched to August 2024); Cochrane RoB 2.0.
- Outcomes
- Disorder-specific symptoms and process measures.
- Follow-up
- Varied.
- Key results
- 2,816 records; 22 RCTs. Risk of bias: 2 low, 8 some concerns, 14 high (counts as reported, which sum to 24). Empty-chair work outperformed psychoeducation for unfinished business; many comparisons with CBT or exposure showed similar outcomes.
- Limitations
- Chairwork embedded in multimodal treatments, so its unique contribution cannot be isolated; small pilot samples; inconsistent counts; no couple studies.
Behavioral Experiments in Cognitive Therapy (opens in a new tab)
The official page explains the purpose of behavioral experiments and lists an Aaron Beck workshop video.
clinical reasoning, intervention
About ACT (opens in a new tab)
Official overview of psychological flexibility and the six ACT processes.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Understanding Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Official overview of partnership, evoking change language, and elicit–provide–elicit.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Limited Reparenting (opens in a new tab)
Official teaching overview of limited reparenting, needs, professional limits, and empathic confrontation.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Emotional Disturbance and Its Treatment in a Nutshell (opens in a new tab)
Author-hosted account of the ABC framework and interaction of beliefs, feelings, and behavior.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Key IPT Strategies (opens in a new tab)
Official summary of interpersonal inventory, problem areas, communication analysis, options, and termination.
clinical reasoning, intervention
The AEDP Glossary (opens in a new tab)
Institute definitions of moment-to-moment work and metatherapeutic processing.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Tips for Using Praise and Rewards (opens in a new tab)
Public guidance on specific praise, rewards, and adapting recognition to the child.
clinical reasoning, intervention
Tips for Giving Directions (opens in a new tab)
Public guidance on achievable, clear directions, checking capacity, and follow-through.
clinical reasoning, intervention
The Handbook of Person-Centred Psychotherapy and Counselling (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary third edition includes non-directivity, core conditions, diversity, experiential practices, ethics, and online work.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Person-Centred Counselling in Action (opens in a new tab)
Practice-oriented account of the person-centered relationship; read alongside contemporary diversity and evidence sources.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Person-Centred Therapy Today: New Frontiers in Theory and Practice (opens in a new tab)
Historical development beyond classical Rogers, including configurations of self and difficult client process.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
The Psychotherapy of Carl Rogers: Cases and Commentary (opens in a new tab)
Case material and critical commentary provide historical clinical context; not a modern treatment manual.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Therapeutic Presence: A Mindful Approach to Effective Therapeutic Relationships (opens in a new tab)
Transtheoretical companion for therapist presence, including training and online work; not a purely person-centered text.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Positive regard and psychotherapy outcome: A meta-analytic review (opens in a new tab)
Across 64 studies, positive regard showed a modest outcome association; this is not causal proof of a technique.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is positive regard related to psychotherapy outcome?
- Population
- Clients in varied psychotherapy studies.
- Intervention
- Measured positive regard in the therapy relationship.
- Comparator
- Variation in measured regard rather than randomized conditions.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of 64 studies.
- Outcomes
- Small positive pooled association (g=.28).
- Follow-up
- Varied by study; not established from the abstract.
- Key results
- Small positive pooled association (g=.28).
- Limitations
- Predominantly association; varied definitions, measures, and settings. Not person-centered therapy efficacy.
Congruence/genuineness: A meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Examines the meaning and measurement of therapist congruence and genuineness.
Public landing page
The real relationship and its role in psychotherapy outcome: A meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Genuineness and realistic perception relate to outcomes across approaches; the construct has psychoanalytic roots.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is strength of the real relationship associated with outcome?
- Population
- 1,502 participants across 16 studies.
- Intervention
- Measured real relationship strength.
- Comparator
- Differences in relationship ratings, not randomized relationship treatment.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of correlational process studies.
- Outcomes
- Pooled r=.38 (95% CI .30–.44).
- Follow-up
- Varied outcomes and timing.
- Key results
- Pooled r=.38 (95% CI .30–.44).
- Limitations
- Association cannot show causation; construct overlaps with other relationship processes and is not specific to person-centered therapy.
Mick Cooper & existentially-informed person-centred therapy (opens in a new tab)
Explores how an existential perspective informs person-centered practice.
Free publisher-hosted video page.
Dave Mearns in Conversation with Frank Wills (opens in a new tab)
A conversation about person-centered development and relational practice.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Therapeutic Presence: A Transtheoretical Approach to Effective Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Author-curated embedded lecture on presence. Select the named video on the page; presence spans approaches.
Public landing page
On the therapeutic presence: an interview with Shari Geller (opens in a new tab)
Author-linked interview on therapist presence; brief Hebrew introduction, interview described as approximately 50 minutes.
Public landing page
Series 1 Ep #6: I’m just not present (opens in a new tab)
Explores therapist presence and distraction in emotional work.
Public landing page
Series 1 Ep #16: Where lies self-compassion? (opens in a new tab)
A conversation about presence and self-compassion in emotional and relational work.
Public landing page
Things are worse! (opens in a new tab)
Creator-linked discussion of responding when the client reports deterioration.
Public landing page
Tell me what to do (you’re the expert) (opens in a new tab)
Creator-indexed discussion of requests for advice in solution-focused conversations.
Public landing page
The idea of worker neutrality in Solution Focused practice (opens in a new tab)
Explores clinician stance and the limits of cheering clients toward change.
Public landing page
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice (opens in a new tab)
Brings clinical method, mechanism questions, research, and settings together; historical research needs newer meta-analyses.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Handbook of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Clinical Applications (opens in a new tab)
Broad clinical applications, historical assumptions, supervision, and limits
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Solution-Focused Brief Practice with Long-Term Clients in Mental Health Services: I Am More Than My Label (opens in a new tab)
Explores client-defined hopes and community resources in longer service use; illustrates that brief practice is not a fixed limit on care.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
More Than Miracles: The State of the Art of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Foundational late work by developers and colleagues, useful alongside current association guidance and contrasting contemporary traditions.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools: A 360-Degree View of Research and Practice (opens in a new tab)
School-setting history, research, and applications. This linked first edition is historical; the publisher lists a newer edition.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Process Research (opens in a new tab)
Examines research on therapeutic conversation and co-construction in solution-focused work.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What process research informs how SFBT works?
- Population
- Samples across33 mixed-method studies.
- Intervention
- SFBT conversational processes and techniques.
- Comparator
- Varied or absent comparators.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-summary.
- Outcomes
- Co-construction and strength-oriented techniques had the most support among reviewed processes.
- Follow-up
- Varied and often immediate process outcomes.
- Key results
- 33 studies; no pooled efficacy estimate.
- Limitations
- Small samples and varied designs; authors call for larger experimental studies linking process and outcome.
Practitioner Review: The effectiveness of solution focused brief therapy with children and families: a systematic and critical evaluation of the literature from 1990-2010 (opens in a new tab)
Historically important youth/family review with explicitly tentative conclusions and methodological criticism.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What evidence supported youth/family SFBT through2010?
- Population
- Children and families in38 included studies.
- Intervention
- SFBT across presenting problems.
- Comparator
- Varied study comparators and designs.
- Design
- Systematic critical review.
- Outcomes
- Tentative support, particularly for internalizing/externalizing problems.
- Follow-up
- Varied by study.
- Key results
- 38 studies.
- Limitations
- Methodological weaknesses and historical search period; not proof of effectiveness for severe conditions or every population.
The Effect of Solution-Focused Versus Problem-Focused Questions: A Replication (opens in a new tab)
Experimental question research is relevant to language choices but cannot establish full psychotherapy efficacy.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do question conditions change immediate ratings?
- Population
- University students describing a real-life problem.
- Intervention
- Solution-focused question condition.
- Comparator
- Problem-focused questions.
- Design
- Experimental replication.
- Outcomes
- Immediate affect, self-efficacy, and goal-related ratings examined.
- Follow-up
- Immediate pre/post ratings; no clinical follow-up verified.
- Key results
- Numerical effects not extracted in this metadata-focused pass.
- Limitations
- Nonclinical brief task; no conclusion about complete therapy outcomes or severe presentations.
Solution‐Focused versus Problem‐Focused Questions: Differential Effects of Miracles, Exceptions and Scales (opens in a new tab)
Tests different question forms and reports limits to expected advantages; useful against a claim that solution-focused wording always outperforms alternatives.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do specific question forms differ on immediate outcomes?
- Population
- 246 participants describing a personal problem.
- Intervention
- Different solution-focused question conditions.
- Comparator
- Problem-focused condition.
- Design
- Randomized four-condition brief question experiment.
- Outcomes
- Miracle/exception conditions reduced negative affect more than problem-focused questions; scaling generated more action steps than other solution-focused conditions. No positive-affect/self-efficacy advantage.
- Follow-up
- Immediate ratings; clinical follow-up not established.
- Key results
- N=246; four conditions. Numerical effect sizes not extracted.
- Limitations
- Brief question task rather than full psychotherapy; selective retrieved results do not establish equivalence on every outcome.
Solution-focused group therapy for level 1 substance abusers (opens in a new tab)
A population-specific comparison of group treatments; retain the original historical title while using respectful current language in discussion.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does solution-focused group treatment compare in this substance-use setting?
- Population
- People in level1 substance-use treatment.
- Intervention
- Solution-focused group therapy.
- Comparator
- Traditional problem-focused treatment.
- Design
- Comparative group-treatment study; allocation details not extracted.
- Outcomes
- Outcomes not asserted from the partial abstract retrieved.
- Follow-up
- Not established in this focused pass.
- Key results
- Sample/effect numbers not asserted.
- Limitations
- Limited retrieved scope and a specific service population; cannot support general efficacy or a preferred-future mechanism claim.
SF with Dr Mark McKergow (opens in a new tab)
Research-informed practitioner discussion of developing solution-focused thinking; includes organizational/coaching context as well as practice.
Public landing page
SIMPLY FOCUS Episode 98: Solution Focus in Practice—Connecting with Rob Black (opens in a new tab)
Discusses pacing, silence and adapting questions for different settings.
Public landing page
SIMPLY FOCUS Episode 97: Solution Focus in Schools Works—From Garza Highschool to the Worldwide Evidence (opens in a new tab)
Discusses solution-focused work in schools and approaches to researching it.
Public landing page
Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
APA introductory account of history, theory, process, and evaluation; this Theories volume is not a deliberate-practice volume.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Awareness, Dialogue, and Process: Essays on Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Historical relational and phenomenological foundations. The linked publisher-hosted chapter provides an introduction, not the full book.
Introductory chapter is free for personal reading; complete book requires purchase/library access.
Gestalt Reconsidered: A New Approach to Contact and Resistance (opens in a new tab)
Reconsiders contact and resistance through history, context, and systems; relevant to avoiding labels that place every problem inside the client.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Towards a Research Tradition in Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Research methods and projects show both the developing evidence base and the limits of broad efficacy claims.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Field Perspectives in Clinical Practice: A Dialogue between Relational Psychoanalysis, Post-Bionian Psychoanalysis, and Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary cross-model clinical field theory, useful for advanced comparison rather than treating theory as efficacy evidence.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates a relational Gestalt approach to the developing therapeutic encounter.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Dialogue and experiment (opens in a new tab)
Original theoretical article clarifies why experiments remain relational inquiries rather than preset behavioral goals.
Public landing page
Contemporary Gestalt Psychotherapy: The Tensions Between Practitioner Education and the Current Cultural Context (opens in a new tab)
Discusses relational, ethical, and cultural tensions in training; scholarly critique rather than a treatment-effect study.
Public landing page
Erving Polster on Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Hear Polster discuss the development of Gestalt therapy and his understanding of therapeutic work.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Psychotherapy with the Unmotivated Patient (opens in a new tab)
Watch Polster work with a person described as unmotivated and consider how the therapist approaches engagement.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Gestalt Therapy with Children (opens in a new tab)
Introduces Oaklander’s Gestalt work with children through a clinical demonstration.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Gestalt Art Therapy Class: A Personal Mythology Perspective (opens in a new tab)
Explores art-making and personal mythology as ways of working with present experience.
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
All Gestalt Episode 4: Dialogue (opens in a new tab)
Explores what dialogue means in Gestalt therapy and how the therapist participates in a genuine encounter.
Public landing page
All Gestalt Episode 7: Phenomenology (opens in a new tab)
Explores phenomenology: attending closely to what someone experiences before imposing an explanation.
Public landing page
Clinical Pathways for Suicide Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Distinguishes screening, trained clinical safety assessment, and next-step decisions. Included to support scope boundaries, not peer assessment.
Public landing page
Confidentiality in the Care of Adolescents: Policy Statement (opens in a new tab)
Adolescent-care policy for qualified services; local rules and developmental context matter. This policy’s minor-adolescent definition begins at 13, so it is not presented as an eleven-year-old-specific rule.
Public landing page
Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: Evidence-Based Treatments and Case Examples (opens in a new tab)
Historical clinical-science companion with treatment cases and evidence critique; pair with newer reviews.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Interviewing Children and Adolescents: Skills and Strategies for Effective DSM-5 Diagnosis (opens in a new tab)
Age-appropriate interviewing and caregiver perspectives. Diagnostic details reflect the DSM-5-era edition, not an assertion of current DSM-5-TR coverage.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship (opens in a new tab)
Child-centered play therapy companion for relationship, observation, and limits; a specific model requiring training.
Publisher catalog is free; the book requires purchase or library access.
Heart of Development, Volume 1: Early and Middle Childhood (opens in a new tab)
Gestalt developmental companion on children, families, and their contexts; not a general youth psychotherapy evidence review.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or a Combination in Childhood Anxiety (opens in a new tab)
A childhood anxiety trial comparing CBT, sertraline, combined treatment and placebo.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do CBT, sertraline, and their combination compare with pill placebo?
- Population
- 488 children ages7–17 with defined anxiety disorders.
- Intervention
- CBT, sertraline, combination.
- Comparator
- Pill placebo and active treatments.
- Design
- 12-week multisite randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Combination had the highest clinical-improvement rate; both monotherapies outperformed placebo.
- Follow-up
- Acute12-week outcome.
- Key results
- N=488; approximately81% improved in combination arm.
- Limitations
- Disorder-specific sample; treatment blinding differs by arm; acute response is not complete remission or long-term outcome.
Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth: a randomized effectiveness trial (opens in a new tab)
Compares modular and standard treatment designs in routine youth clinics.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does modular design improve routine-care outcomes?
- Population
- Referred youth in clinical-practice settings.
- Intervention
- Modular/integrated and standard/separate evidence-based designs.
- Comparator
- Usual care and standard treatment.
- Design
- Randomized effectiveness trial.
- Outcomes
- Modular treatment improved trajectories on multiple problem measures relative to comparators.
- Follow-up
- Treatment-course and pre/post diagnostic assessment.
- Key results
- Sample-size details not extracted in this focused abstract pass.
- Limitations
- One implementation setting and treatment system; cannot attribute benefit to a single module or all integrative practice.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (opens in a new tab)
Reviews CBT studies for youth anxiety and distinguishes different comparison conditions.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does youth anxiety CBT compare with different controls?
- Population
- Participants under19 with diagnosed anxiety disorders.
- Intervention
- CBT involving child, parent, or both.
- Comparator
- Waitlist, usual care, attention controls, alternative treatments, medication.
- Design
- Cochrane review withGRADE.
- Outcomes
- Primary-diagnosis remission probably better than waitlist; active comparisons less certain.
- Follow-up
- Main estimate posttreatment; longer-term evidence limited.
- Key results
- 87 studies;5,964 quantitative participants.
- Limitations
- Evidence quality and comparator matter. Adverse events were poorly monitored; absence of reporting does not prove absence of harm.
Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events (opens in a new tab)
Reviews studies of psychosocial treatments for trauma-exposed children and adolescents.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which youth trauma-treatment families have evidence?
- Population
- Youth with symptoms associated with traumatic exposure.
- Intervention
- Psychosocial treatment families and modalities.
- Comparator
- Comparators varied by included study.
- Design
- Evidence-base update using systematic treatment classification.
- Outcomes
- Support differs across treatment classes and designs.
- Follow-up
- Varied by study; not extracted from this limited review.
- Key results
- 37 studies reported in the original review summary.
- Limitations
- Historical evidence through the review’s search period; no claim of current exhaustive coverage or validation of every trauma technique.
Psychotherapy for Depression Across Different Age Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
A useful caution against transferring adult psychotherapy effect estimates directly to young people.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Do depression psychotherapy effects differ across age groups?
- Population
- 36,702 participants across the lifespan.
- Intervention
- Psychotherapies for depression.
- Comparator
- Control conditions varied.
- Design
- Meta-analysis and age-group/meta-regression comparisons.
- Outcomes
- Youth effect estimates were smaller than middle-aged adult estimates.
- Follow-up
- Timing varied; primary outcome depressive symptoms.
- Key results
- 366 trials; child g=.35, adolescent g=.55; overall heterogeneity high.
- Limitations
- Age comparisons are between studies, not randomized ages; small youth evidence subsets and heterogeneous comparators limit causal interpretation.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Adolescent Depression (opens in a new tab)
Licensed adolescent-depression demonstration illustrates a disorder-specific approach, not a general intervention for every young person.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Anxiety in children aged 4–12 years (opens in a new tab)
Discusses childhood anxiety services, research and barriers to treatment.
Public landing page
All Gestalt Episode 14: Working with Children and Adolescents (opens in a new tab)
Explores the use of Gestalt ideas with children and adolescents.
Public landing page
Defiant Children: A Clinician’s Manual for Assessment and Parent Training (opens in a new tab)
A defined clinical parent-training approach with assessment and implementation guidance
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Parent Management Training: Treatment for Oppositional, Aggressive, and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents (opens in a new tab)
Detailed conceptual background and treatment manual; useful for distinguishing general principles from complete program delivery.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (opens in a new tab)
PCIT-specific fundamentals, coaching, and adaptations; PCIT is one defined parent-training model, not every BPT program.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Collaborating with Parents to Reduce Children’s Behavior Problems: A Book for Therapists Using the Incredible Years Programs (opens in a new tab)
Focuses on collaborative delivery, caregiver engagement, and teaching within Incredible Years.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A Meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Reviews controlled PCIT studies and differences between their designs.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does PCIT reduce externalizing behavior?
- Population
- 1,144 participants across23 controlled studies.
- Intervention
- PCIT including variations.
- Comparator
- Control conditions varied.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of randomized or quasi-experimental trials.
- Outcomes
- Externalizing behavior favored PCIT.
- Follow-up
- Timing varied; abstract centers posttreatment.
- Key results
- SMD−.87,95%CI−1.17 to−.58.
- Limitations
- Inconsistent reporting of observed interactions and varied designs; skill-mastery differences are between-study comparisons.
Sustained, fade-out or sleeper effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis of parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior (opens in a new tab)
Examines maintenance after treatment rather than assuming immediate change lasts for every family.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do post-intervention effects change over follow-up?
- Population
- Children in40 randomized parenting trials.
- Intervention
- Parenting interventions for disruptive behavior.
- Comparator
- Post-intervention versus later measurements.
- Design
- Multilevel meta-analysis of91 effect sizes.
- Outcomes
- Average change after treatment was near zero, consistent with maintained effects.
- Follow-up
- Up to3 years.
- Key results
- Post-intervention change d=.01,95%CI−.05 to.07.
- Limitations
- Substantial heterogeneity; average stability does not guarantee individual maintenance or explain its mechanism.
Meta-analysis: Which Components of Parent Training Work for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? (opens in a new tab)
Examines parent-training components in studies of children with ADHD.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which component dosages relate to parental outcomes?
- Population
- 2,345 participants in29 studies.
- Intervention
- Behavioral parent training for children with ADHD.
- Comparator
- Trial controls; between-study component dosage.
- Design
- Meta-analysis and meta-regression.
- Outcomes
- Small-to-medium parental benefits; antecedent and reinforcement dosage related to selected outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Varied; not specified in retrieved abstract.
- Key results
- 138 effect sizes;39 coded techniques.
- Limitations
- Components were not tested in isolation; association may reflect other program differences. Population is ADHD-specific.
Research Review: The most effective parenting program content for disruptive child behavior - a network meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Compares the content of parenting-program clusters across prevention and treatment settings.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do content clusters compare?
- Population
- Participants in197 randomized trials.
- Intervention
- Parenting-program content clusters.
- Comparator
- No/minimal components and indirect comparisons between clusters.
- Design
- Latent-class modeling plus network meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- All four active program types showed benefits overall; prevention findings differed.
- Follow-up
- Timing varied; not independently extracted.
- Key results
- 197 trials;5-class model including control.
- Limitations
- Indirect comparisons and correlated components cannot establish that removing one component improves an individual program.
Sustained improvements by behavioural parent training for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta‐analytic review of longer‐term child and parental outcomes (opens in a new tab)
Reviews longer-term child and parent outcomes following behavioral parent training for ADHD.
Public landing page
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Are benefits maintained beyond2 months?
- Population
- 27 studies of children with ADHD and caregivers.
- Intervention
- Behavioral parent training.
- Comparator
- Controls and within-treatment posttest-to-follow-up comparisons.
- Design
- Multilevel meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Small-to-moderate between-group follow-up benefits in several child/parent domains.
- Follow-up
- Mean5.3 months.
- Key results
- 31 interventions;217 effect sizes.
- Limitations
- Mostly modest follow-up length; within-group maintenance is not a controlled causal estimate. Predictor findings need replication.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Licensed clinician coaching demonstrates a defined PCIT model. A recording illustrates practice and does not replace training or supervision.
Publisher or licensed recording; purchase/library access may be needed.
The Collaborative Learning Process (opens in a new tab)
Program-owner presentation about collaborative teaching and implementation; select the named presentation rather than a promotional program preview.
Public landing page
Have parenting programs for disruptive child behaviour become less effective? (opens in a new tab)
A research talk examining changes in parenting-program findings over time.
Public listing/transcript; free registration may be needed for learning features.
Speaking of Psychology Episode 15: Disciplining children effectively (opens in a new tab)
Explains how parents can practice and reinforce desired behavior.
Public landing page
Parenting Intervention: Finding the Goldilocks Zone (opens in a new tab)
Researchers discuss the contribution of different PCIT session phases.
Public landing page
Rates of Anxiety: Is It Time to Press the Panic Button? (opens in a new tab)
Discusses family and parent-based approaches to childhood anxiety.
Public landing page
Learning ACT: An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Skills Training Manual for Therapists, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
A skills-focused companion to process formulation.
clinical skills
Purchase or library access.
ACT Made Simple: An Easy-To-Read Primer on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
An accessible introduction, to be read alongside case formulation and supervision rather than as a list of metaphors.
plain-language introduction
Purchase or library access.
Values in Therapy: A Clinician’s Guide to Helping Clients Explore Values, Increase Psychological Flexibility, and Live a More Meaningful Life (opens in a new tab)
Deepens the nuance of values conversations and client choice.
values
Purchase or library access.
The Heart of ACT: Developing a Flexible, Process-Based, and Client-Centered Practice Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Connects process work with the relational delivery of treatment.
therapeutic relationship
Purchase or library access.
Veterans Health Administration ACT Video Series: Acceptance (opens in a new tab)
A process-specific demonstration in the VHA series, listed by ACBS; not proof of treatment efficacy.
acceptance
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Veterans Health Administration ACT Video Series: Observing Self (opens in a new tab)
A process-specific demonstration in the VHA series, listed by ACBS; not proof of treatment efficacy.
observing-self
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Veterans Health Administration ACT Video Series: Presence (opens in a new tab)
A process-specific demonstration in the VHA series, listed by ACBS; not proof of treatment efficacy.
presence
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Veterans Health Administration ACT Video Series: Values & Committed Action (opens in a new tab)
A process-specific demonstration in the VHA series, listed by ACBS; not proof of treatment efficacy.
values-action
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Veterans Health Administration ACT Video Series: Willingness (opens in a new tab)
A process-specific demonstration in the VHA series, listed by ACBS; not proof of treatment efficacy.
willingness
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
469. ACT Refresher with Matt Boone (opens in a new tab)
Refresh the relationship between ACT’s processes and clinical practice.
psychological flexibility
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
416. Trauma and PTSD Treatment with Robyn Walser (opens in a new tab)
Explore how an ACT clinician thinks about trauma and PTSD treatment.
psychological flexibility
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
301. Seven Daily ACT Practices for Living Fully with Diana Hill and Debbie Sorensen (opens in a new tab)
Connect ACT processes with concrete daily practices.
psychological flexibility
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Acceptance and commitment therapy and the therapeutic relationship: Rupture and repair (opens in a new tab)
Explore ACT’s account of alliance rupture, therapist flexibility and repair.
alliance, rupture repair
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes and Mediation: Challenges and How to Address Them (opens in a new tab)
Critically examines measurement, specificity, power, and transparency; valuable against overconfident claims that all six processes are established causal mechanisms.
measurement, mediation, mechanism critique
Official resource or platform recording; access may vary.
Which outcome variables are associated with psychological inflexibility/flexibility for chronic pain patients? A three level meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Provides process-outcome associations; cross-sectional findings cannot establish a mechanism or treatment effect.
psychological flexibility, chronic pain, process association
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do flexibility and inflexibility relate to chronic-pain outcomes?
- Population
- 36 cross-sectional studies, 7,779 participants.
- Intervention
- Measured psychological flexibility and inflexibility; not an assigned therapy.
- Comparator
- Associations with pain, function, quality of life, distress.
- Design
- Three-level meta-analysis of cross-sectional associations.
- Outcomes
- Pain intensity, impairment, quality of life, anxiety and depression.
- Follow-up
- Cross-sectional, not treatment follow-up.
- Key results
- Associations varied by construct and outcome; the abstract reports generally meaningful links with functioning and distress.
- Limitations
- No causal direction or mediation can be inferred; measure and country differences contributed heterogeneity.
The Transforming Power of Affect: A Model for Accelerated Change (opens in a new tab)
The foundational model text; compare its conceptual proposals with subsequent empirical studies.
foundations, affect, relational practice
Publisher purchase or library access.
Supervision Essentials for Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A dedicated supervision resource emphasizing actual session review and clinician development.
supervision, therapist skills, clinical process
Publisher purchase or library access.
Restoring Resilience: Discovering Your Clients’ Capacity for Healing (opens in a new tab)
A clinician’s expansion of AEDP-informed resilience and agency concepts.
resilience, agency, clinical practice
Publisher purchase or library access.
Metatherapeutic processing as a change-based therapeutic immediacy task: Building an initial process model using a task-analytic research strategy. (opens in a new tab)
Final 2016 publication linked by DOI. The selected text inspected was a submitted May 2014 manuscript; the final full text was not comprehensively appraised.
Examines the proposed steps of reflecting on therapeutic change in a small process-research sample.
metatherapeutic processing, task analysis, mechanisms
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What processes appear in selected metatherapeutic events?
- Population
- Four exemplary videotaped events with the model developer.
- Intervention
- AEDP metatherapeutic processing.
- Comparator
- No randomized comparator; task analysis of selected exemplary episodes.
- Design
- Task-analytic process-model study.
- Outcomes
- Therapist principles and client affective/reflective changes.
- Follow-up
- No treatment-outcome follow-up evaluated.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Selected exemplary events and developer sessions; not a causal efficacy test or broadly representative sample.
Becoming “Teletherapeutic”: Harnessing Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) for Challenges of the Covid-19 Era (opens in a new tab)
Describes proposed AEDP adaptations for remote therapeutic work.
teletherapy, pacing, relational care
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How might AEDP principles be adapted to pandemic teletherapy?
- Population
- Clinical supervision and peer discussion observations with an illustrative case.
- Intervention
- AEDP-informed teletherapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Conceptual clinical paper.
- Outcomes
- Proposed relational and experiential adaptations.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Not a controlled outcome trial; pandemic context and clinical observations limit inference.
The Efficacy of Experiential Dynamic Therapies: A 10‐Year Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Update (opens in a new tab)
A review of the broader family of experiential dynamic therapies (EDT), not of AEDP alone.
evidence, experiential dynamic therapies, limitations
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What does updated randomized evidence show for experiential dynamic therapies?
- Population
- Trials across multiple EDT models and clinical concerns.
- Intervention
- Experiential dynamic therapies, a broader category than AEDP.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Clinical symptom and functioning outcomes.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Models and populations differ; a pooled family-of-treatments result does not establish the efficacy of any particular AEDP intervention.
The Spirit of AEDP: I-and-Thou / Dao in the Here-and-Now (opens in a new tab)
A practitioner’s extended phenomenological/theoretical account; read critically alongside empirical research, not as proof of its metaphysical claims.
therapeutic stance, phenomenology, theory
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does one practitioner conceptualize the spirit of AEDP?
- Population
- No new empirical participant sample; conceptual or narrative discussion.
- Intervention
- AEDP theoretical perspective.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Institute-published conceptual writing.
- Outcomes
- Descriptions of therapeutic stance and lived experience.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Not independent empirical evidence; spiritual and phenomenological interpretations are author claims, not established mechanisms.
Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A model-specific producer-listed demonstration or seminar; intensive work requires appropriate training and assessment, not imitation in peer practice.
clinical demonstration, attachment, agency
Publisher purchase or library access.
Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) With a Male Client (opens in a new tab)
A model-specific producer-listed demonstration or seminar; intensive work requires appropriate training and assessment, not imitation in peer practice.
clinical demonstration, attachment, agency
Publisher purchase or library access.
Issues of Agency (opens in a new tab)
A model-specific producer-listed demonstration or seminar; intensive work requires appropriate training and assessment, not imitation in peer practice.
clinical demonstration, attachment, agency
Publisher purchase or library access.
Tailoring AEDP to Attachment Patterns: Healing Trauma in Relationships (opens in a new tab)
A model-specific producer-listed demonstration or seminar; intensive work requires appropriate training and assessment, not imitation in peer practice.
clinical demonstration, attachment, agency
Publisher purchase or library access.
Diana Fosha: Accelerated Experiential-Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) (opens in a new tab)
A conversation introducing AEDP’s understanding of emotional change.
foundations, therapeutic stance
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Tailoring Treatment to Attachment Patterns: Karen Pando-Mars (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary author interview about the attachment-pattern clinical guide.
attachment, contemporary practice
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Weaving Presence: The Invisible Fabric of Attachment and Tailoring Treatment with AEDP (opens in a new tab)
Discusses attachment patterns and the experience of returning to therapy.
presence, attachment, clinical development
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Mind Over Mood: Change How You Feel by Changing the Way You Think, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
A client-facing companion; use with an individualized rationale and attention to fit.
guided self-help, thought records, behavioral practice
Purchase or library access.
The Clinician’s Guide to CBT Using Mind Over Mood, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
A clinician guide to collaborative use and adaptation of a workbook.
guided discovery, adaptation, homework
Purchase or library access.
Quantity and Quality of Homework Compliance: A Meta-Analysis of Relations With Outcome in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Examines associations of practice quantity and quality with outcomes; not proof that pressuring completion improves care.
between-session practice, process research, homework quality
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How are quantity and quality of homework related to CBT outcomes?
- Population
- 17 studies with 2,312 clients.
- Intervention
- Observed quantity or quality of CBT homework.
- Comparator
- Higher versus lower practice measures; not a single randomized assignment comparison.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of homework–outcome relations.
- Outcomes
- Posttreatment and follow-up outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Varied across included studies.
- Key results
- Positive associations at both time points; quality estimates rested on only three studies and had wide intervals.
- Limitations
- Associations do not isolate causation; quality evidence is sparse and measurement source may matter.
Effectiveness and Acceptability of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Delivery Formats in Adults With Depression: A Network Meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Published corrections: Correction notice (opens in a new tab); Correction notice (opens in a new tab). Check the corrected article when using its results.
Compares supported formats and unguided self-help; supports a nuanced account of accessibility and acceptability.
depression, delivery formats, human support
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do CBT delivery formats compare for acute adult depression?
- Population
- 155 trials, 15,191 participants; diagnostic and elevated-symptom samples.
- Intervention
- Individual, group, telephone, guided self-help, unguided self-help CBT.
- Comparator
- Formats compared directly and indirectly, with waiting list and usual care controls.
- Design
- Pairwise and network meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Depression severity and all-cause dropout.
- Follow-up
- Acute treatment; not a comprehensive long-term comparison.
- Key results
- The abstract reports no statistically significant efficacy difference among human-supported formats, with unguided self-help generally less effective.
- Limitations
- Indirect comparisons depend on comparability assumptions. The paper has published corrections to some figures and results.
Selecting Techniques in CBT (opens in a new tab)
Examine how a therapist chooses techniques within a CBT formulation.
intervention selection
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Automatic Thoughts in CBT (opens in a new tab)
Study how automatic thoughts are identified during CBT.
automatic thoughts
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Addressing CBT Myths: CBT is Superficial (opens in a new tab)
Consider how CBT addresses meaning and underlying beliefs.
case conceptualization
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
A Short Mindfulness Exercise for Anxiety With Robert Hindman, PhD (opens in a new tab)
A cross-model attention exercise presented by a CBT clinician in the COVID-19 context; not a full anxiety treatment.
mindfulness adaptation
Recording or source page available without purchase; platform access can vary.
Thinking with our clients, not thinking for them…Dr Scott Waltman on Socratic dialogue (opens in a new tab)
Consider how Socratic dialogue helps therapist and client investigate a problem together.
Socratic dialogue
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Using CBT to Support Adults with ADHD with Dr Antonia Dittner (opens in a new tab)
Explore how CBT is adapted for adults with ADHD.
adult ADHD adaptation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Prof Judith Beck: Back to basics… or back to the future? (opens in a new tab)
Consider continuity and changes in CBT with a core textbook author.
contemporary formulation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Emotion-Focused Therapy, Revised Edition (opens in a new tab)
A concise orientation to history, emotion theory, clinical process, and evidence.
history, emotion theory, practice
Publisher purchase or library access.
Case Formulation in Emotion-Focused Therapy: Co-Creating Clinical Maps for Change (opens in a new tab)
Connect narrative, emotional processing, and moment-to-moment clinical choices; publisher lists November 2014.
case formulation, markers, emotional processing
Publisher purchase or library access.
Clinical Handbook of Emotion-Focused Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A broad research-and-practice handbook, including process work, diverse populations, and feminist-multicultural perspectives.
research, clinical practice, culture
Publisher purchase or library access.
Changing Emotion With Emotion: A Practitioner’s Guide (opens in a new tab)
A deeper conceptual guide to emotional change processes beyond technique lists.
emotion transformation, emotion theory
Publisher purchase or library access.
An examination of the relationships among clients' affect regulation, in-session emotional processing, the working alliance, and outcome (opens in a new tab)
Examines relationships among regulation, emotional processing, and the working alliance.
emotion regulation, process research, alliance
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do regulation and emotional processing relate to outcomes?
- Population
- 66 depressed clients receiving CBT or process-experiential EFT.
- Intervention
- CBT or process-experiential EFT.
- Comparator
- Clients received CBT or process-experiential EFT; the analysis examined process associations rather than isolating an emotion-regulation intervention.
- Design
- Process/outcome association study.
- Outcomes
- Regulation, emotional processing, alliance, outcome.
- Follow-up
- Through the end of therapy; later follow-up not established in the checked abstract.
- Key results
- Initial regulation predicted processing; later regulation predicted outcome independently of alliance.
- Limitations
- Associational mediation does not establish causality; a modest sample and two-treatment context limit generalization.
Emotion-focused treatment for self-criticism in a nonclinical population: A randomized controlled trial (opens in a new tab)
A recent focused trial relevant to Hana’s self-criticism, with clear limits on generalizing to clinical depression.
self-criticism, self-compassion, outcomes
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Can EFT reduce self-criticism in a nonclinical sample?
- Population
- 52 participants: 24 EFT, 28 waitlist.
- Intervention
- Emotion-focused treatment for self-criticism.
- Comparator
- Waitlist.
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial.
- Outcomes
- Self-criticism, depression, distress, self-compassion, self-reassurance.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- Several outcomes improved relative to waitlist and most improvements persisted at follow-up; no unreviewed effect estimates added.
- Limitations
- Small nonclinical sample and waitlist comparator; not evidence of superiority to active treatments.
Emotion-Focused Therapy Over Time (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates how EFT clinicians follow and work with emotional experience in sessions.
emotional processing, case development
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Emotion-Focused Therapy for Depression (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates how EFT clinicians follow and work with emotional experience in sessions.
depression, self-criticism, empathy
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Greenberg/Goldman emotion-theory couple work; distinguish it from Johnson’s attachment-based EFCT.
couples, emotion theory, identity
Publisher purchase or library access.
Emotion-Focused Therapy: An Agency-Enhancing Approach (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary agency-focused demonstration; APA listing gives October 13, 2026 release and still displays preorder, so availability should be checked.
agency, power, collaboration
Publisher purchase or library access.
Master’s in Psychology, episode 22: Rhonda Goldman, PhD – Professor, Psychologist, and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) Expert (opens in a new tab)
Discusses Goldman’s training, research interests, and development of emotion-focused therapy.
training, contemporary practice
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Emotion Focused, episode 13: The trouble with love (opens in a new tab)
Explores vulnerability, fear, and emotional interaction in intimate relationships.
couples, vulnerability
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Emotion Focused, season 2 episode 4: Emotion Awareness on Emotion Awareness Day (opens in a new tab)
Discusses recognizing emotions and their place in emotion-focused practice.
emotion awareness, empathy
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Becoming an Emotionally Focused Therapist: The Workbook, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A comprehensive clinician workbook covering contemporary EFT practice and the EFT Tango.
training, EFT Tango, contemporary practice
Publisher purchase or library access.
The Emotionally Focused Casebook: New Directions in Treating Couples (opens in a new tab)
Compare varied clinical applications rather than assume one couple pattern covers every presentation.
case formulation, clinical applications
Publisher purchase or library access.
Emotionally Focused Therapy with African American Couples: Love Heals (opens in a new tab)
A culture- and context-attentive clinical resource for African American couples.
culture, African American couples, attachment
Publisher purchase or library access.
Process research on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples: linking theory to practice (opens in a new tab)
Connects EFCT’s theory of change with research on events within sessions.
mechanisms, attachment, process research
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do EFCT theory, interventions, and process findings connect?
- Population
- Reviewed couple-therapy process research.
- Intervention
- Emotionally focused couple therapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Narrative process review.
- Outcomes
- Client responses, therapist operations, and treatment outcomes.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Narrative review and developer involvement; not an independent quantitative efficacy estimate.
Changes in Relationship-Specific Attachment in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Examines relationship-specific attachment during a course of EFCT.
attachment, process, relationship change
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does relationship-specific attachment change during EFCT?
- Population
- 32 couples.
- Intervention
- Emotionally focused couple therapy.
- Comparator
- No randomized treatment comparator; longitudinal associations within treatment.
- Design
- Session-by-session longitudinal process study.
- Outcomes
- Attachment avoidance decreased; attachment anxiety decreased in couples completing a softening event. Session-to-session reductions in attachment insecurity were associated with improved relationship satisfaction. Associations do not isolate a causal intervention effect.
- Follow-up
- Session-by-session and pre/post.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Small sample; longitudinal associations do not isolate causal mechanisms or prove model superiority.
A Review of the Research in Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (opens in a new tab)
Maps the questions addressed by EFCT treatment and process research.
evidence, process, diversity
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What research supports EFCT and what questions remain?
- Population
- Reviewed EFCT efficacy and process research.
- Intervention
- Emotionally focused couple therapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Narrative review.
- Outcomes
- Couple distress and proposed mechanisms.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Developer-authored narrative synthesis; broader and more diverse samples remain important.
What is EFT? (opens in a new tab)
An official model overview; use it to understand the approach, not as independent proof of its efficacy.
attachment, model overview
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Training DVD #1: Healing broken bonds (opens in a new tab)
A producer-listed clinical demonstration to study with appropriate training and supervision
attachment, clinical demonstration
Publisher purchase or library access.
Risking, Reaching and Responding (opens in a new tab)
Illustrates the vulnerable steps of reaching toward a partner and responding to that invitation.
attachment, clinical demonstration
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Shaping Secure Connection: Stages 1 & 2 of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A producer-listed clinical demonstration to study with appropriate training and supervision
attachment, clinical demonstration
Publisher purchase or library access.
Working Successfully with Same Sex Couples (opens in a new tab)
Focuses on applying emotionally focused couple work with same-sex couples.
attachment, clinical demonstration
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Dr. Sue Johnson: Attunement, Attachment and the Development of Emotionally Focused Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Discusses attunement, attachment, and the clinical development of EFCT.
history, attachment, attunement
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Using Attachment Theory with MASTER Therapist Dr. Sue Johnson | Being Well Podcast (opens in a new tab)
Discuss attachment, vulnerability, and practical use; author-linked episode, not an efficacy study.
attachment, vulnerability
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Iconic Therapist Dr. Sue Johnson — How to Improve Sex and Crack the Code of Love (#529) (opens in a new tab)
A general-audience conversation about emotional connection, attachment, and couple interaction.
trust, Hold Me Tight, connection
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Essential Skills in Family Therapy: From the First Interview to Termination, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A practical clinician foundation covering assessment, treatment planning, and work across the course of care.
assessment, clinical skills, treatment planning
Publisher purchase or library access.
Re-Visioning Family Therapy: Addressing Diversity in Clinical Practice, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A critical resource for integrating culture, power, and social context into systemic formulation.
culture, power, social context
Publisher purchase or library access.
Doing Family Therapy: Craft and Creativity in Clinical Practice, 4th ed. (opens in a new tab)
Case-based teaching on moment-to-moment decisions and flexible clinical practice.
case examples, process, clinical practice
Publisher purchase or library access.
Effects of Systemic Therapy on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis (opens in a new tab)
A broad youth synthesis with explicit limits on generalizing across models, disorders, and age groups.
evidence, youth, systemic treatment
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is systemic treatment for youth mental-health problems?
- Population
- 56 randomized controlled trials.
- Intervention
- Systemic therapies.
- Comparator
- Untreated controls and alternative treatments.
- Design
- Random-effects meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Mental-health and behavior outcomes.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- Posttreatment g=.59 versus untreated controls and .32 versus alternative treatments; follow-up estimates smaller.
- Limitations
- Evidence concentrated in a limited set of approaches and disorders and more often adolescents than younger children.
Functional Family Therapy for families of youth (age 11-18) with behaviour problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
A critical counterweight to broad efficacy claims; FFT is one specific systemic model, not every family therapy.
limitations, functional family therapy, evidence quality
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does FFT improve outcomes for youth behavior problems?
- Population
- 20 studies; 15 provided valid meta-analytic data from 10,980 families.
- Intervention
- Functional Family Therapy.
- Comparator
- Usual services, alternative treatment, and no treatment.
- Design
- Systematic review of randomized and controlled quasi-experimental studies.
- Outcomes
- Recidivism, placement, symptoms, delinquency, substance use, family and school outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Multiple endpoints up to 42 months.
- Key results
- No consistent benefit over active treatments across outcomes. One substance-use estimate was statistically significant in the correlated-effects model. The overall estimate across fifteen studies and 293 effects was SMD = .19 (SE = .09), not significantly different from zero.
- Limitations
- High risk of bias, incomplete reporting, and very low certainty; model-specific findings cannot be generalized to all systemic therapies.
Meta-analysis of the alliance-outcome relation in couple and family therapy (opens in a new tab)
Examines how working relationships are studied in couple and family therapy.
alliance, process research, joining
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does therapeutic alliance relate to couple/family outcomes?
- Population
- Couple and family therapy studies.
- Intervention
- Couple and family therapies.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of alliance-outcome associations.
- Outcomes
- Alliance and treatment outcomes.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Associations do not prove a causal mechanism; measures and multi-person alliance arrangements differ.
Interventive interviewing: Part III. Intending to ask lineal, circular, strategic, or reflexive questions? (opens in a new tab)
Distinguishes different questions by their intended influence on a family conversation.
circular questions, reflexive questions, clinical intention
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What intentions and assumptions are carried by different questions?
- Population
- Conceptual clinical discussion.
- Intervention
- Systemic interviewing.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Theory paper.
- Outcomes
- Questioning distinctions and their clinical purposes.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Not evidence of comparative efficacy or a universally applicable questioning recipe.
Systemic Psychotherapy: An Introduction to Its Theoretical Foundations and Clinical Practice (opens in a new tab)
Introduces systemic theory and illustrates its connection with clinical practice.
history, contemporary practice, evidence
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What foundations and clinical methods organize systemic psychotherapy?
- Population
- Selective literature review across systemic practice.
- Intervention
- Systemic psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Narrative clinical overview.
- Outcomes
- Theory, interventions, and selected evidence syntheses.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Selective review and a German regulatory context; does not establish that all systemic methods share the same evidence.
Family Therapy Over Time (opens in a new tab)
A distinct systemic-model demonstration; compare the model’s purpose and evidence rather than treating all family therapies as interchangeable.
clinical demonstration, systemic models
Publisher purchase or library access.
Integrative Family Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A distinct systemic-model demonstration; compare the model’s purpose and evidence rather than treating all family therapies as interchangeable.
clinical demonstration, systemic models
Publisher purchase or library access.
Functional Family Therapy Online (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates FFT online and discusses the session’s clinical decisions.
clinical demonstration, systemic models
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Multidimensional Family Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A distinct systemic-model demonstration; compare the model’s purpose and evidence rather than treating all family therapies as interchangeable.
clinical demonstration, systemic models
Publisher purchase or library access.
A conversation with Peter Rober: Inner conversations, dual processes and the self-reflective therapist (opens in a new tab)
A clinician-researcher discussion of therapist inner experience and systemic case thinking.
therapist self-awareness, case formulation
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
The Therapeutic Alliance – Collaboration, feedback and the use of questionnaires. In conversation with Peter Rober. (opens in a new tab)
Explores a systemic clinical tool and how it informs work with families.
feedback, alliance, collaboration
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Using Genograms: A Systemic Therapeutic Tool. In conversation with Monica McGoldrick (opens in a new tab)
Explores a systemic clinical tool and how it informs work with families.
genograms, family history, context
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Global Reach (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary international guide to adaptations, training, implementation, and culturally varied practice.
contemporary practice, global implementation, culture
Publisher purchase or library access.
Casebook of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Follow clinical reasoning across role transitions, disputes, diverse populations, and differing treatment formats.
case conceptualization, role transitions, clinical applications
Publisher purchase or library access.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (opens in a new tab)
Study a specialist IPT adaptation and its rationale; not a peer-practice trauma-processing manual.
PTSD, specialist adaptations
Publisher purchase or library access.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Second edition originally published in 2004; paperback reprint in 2011.
A developmentally adapted clinical manual; current catalog format verified, edition publication year not inferred from reprint date.
adolescents, family involvement, communication
Publisher purchase or library access.
Interpersonal psychotherapy: principles and applications (opens in a new tab)
Explains the structure, interpersonal focus and applications of IPT.
principles, problem areas, clinical rationale
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What principles and applications define IPT?
- Population
- No new empirical participant sample; conceptual or narrative discussion.
- Intervention
- Interpersonal psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Narrative overview.
- Outcomes
- Treatment structure, problem areas, and applications.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Older conceptual overview; later trials and current manuals are needed for contemporary evidence judgments.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Past, Present and Future (opens in a new tab)
Traces IPT’s research origins, development and dissemination.
history, training, implementation
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How did IPT develop and spread?
- Population
- No new empirical participant sample; conceptual or narrative discussion.
- Intervention
- Interpersonal psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Narrative review.
- Outcomes
- Origins, adaptations, training, and research directions.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Not a current systematic efficacy estimate; historical forecasts need comparison with subsequent work.
Comparative efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy and antidepressant medication for adult depression: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Uses participant-level data to compare IPT and antidepressant medication for adult depression.
adult depression, medication comparison, evidence
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do IPT and antidepressant medication compare for adult depression?
- Population
- Adults in randomized depression trials contributing individual participant data.
- Intervention
- Interpersonal psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Antidepressant medication.
- Design
- Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Depression outcomes.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Available participant data and included trial populations limit generalization
Is Exposure Necessary? A Randomized Clinical Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for PTSD (opens in a new tab)
A specialist adaptation trial; keep it separate from assumptions about ordinary depression treatment or peer rehearsal.
PTSD, adaptations, comparative treatment
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Can an IPT adaptation treat PTSD without an exposure protocol?
- Population
- One hundred ten unmedicated adults with chronic PTSD and CAPS scores above 50.
- Intervention
- IPT for PTSD.
- Comparator
- Prolonged exposure and relaxation therapy.
- Design
- 14-week randomized controlled trial.
- Outcomes
- PTSD, quality of life, and social functioning.
- Follow-up
- End of fourteen-week treatment reported in the checked abstract; later follow-up not assessed here.
- Key results
- IPT met the trial’s prespecified noninferiority criterion against prolonged exposure on CAPS. Response proportions (63% IPT, 47% exposure, 38% relaxation) were not significantly different. IPT and exposure improved quality of life and social functioning more than relaxation; response percentages do not demonstrate IPT superiority.
- Limitations
- A specialist trial with a defined population; does not establish universal suitability or justify unsupervised trauma work.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy in Practice (opens in a new tab)
Observe how symptom history, inventory, and a negotiated problem area organize clinical work.
inventory, problem areas, demonstration
Publisher purchase or library access.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Older Adults With Depression (opens in a new tab)
A population-specific demonstration relevant to role and support changes later in life.
older adults, depression, role transitions
Publisher purchase or library access.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Case of Postpartum Depression (opens in a new tab)
A case-based demonstration of IPT’s structure and empathic clinical stance.
postpartum depression, clinical demonstration
Publisher purchase or library access.
APA Books Webinar Library: Deliberate Practice in Interpersonal Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
The publisher’s verified IPT webinar listing; follow the named entry in the library. Recording not played.
training
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
PsychEd Episode 42: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with Dr. Paula Ravitz (opens in a new tab)
Explains IPT’s principles, phases and clinical choices.
principles, patient selection, training
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Cindy Stulberg on Relationships (opens in a new tab)
Discusses IPT concepts in everyday relationships and depression.
relationships, support
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A Practitioner Workbook, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A substantial skills workbook to study alongside supervision and feedback.
reflective listening, training, OARS
Publisher purchase or library access.
Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients Change Behavior, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Connects MI with brief health-care conversations and realistic practice constraints.
health care, information sharing, autonomy
Publisher purchase or library access.
Motivational Interviewing and CBT: Combining Strategies for Maximum Effectiveness (opens in a new tab)
A bridge from MI conversation to structured behavior-change treatment; paperback reissued in 2023.
integration, CBT, ambivalence
Publisher purchase or library access.
Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Psychological Problems, 3rd ed. (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary edited guide to MI integration across clinical concerns.
contemporary practice, integration, evidence
Publisher purchase or library access.
Toward a theory of motivational interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Study a proposed account of how MI’s relational and technical elements fit together.
mechanisms, relational processes, change talk
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What mechanisms might link MI with change?
- Population
- Conceptual synthesis of MI process and outcome research.
- Intervention
- Motivational interviewing-related intervention or process.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Theory paper, not a new trial.
- Outcomes
- Proposed pathways among training, therapist/client language, and outcomes.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- A proposed causal model is not proof that every link is causal.
Ten things that motivational interviewing is not (opens in a new tab)
Clarify the boundaries of MI by examining common misinterpretations.
misconceptions, ethics, MI spirit
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which common descriptions misrepresent MI?
- Population
- Conceptual discussion by MI developers.
- Intervention
- Motivational interviewing-related intervention or process.
- Comparator
- Not applicable: conceptual or narrative paper, not a new comparative treatment trial.
- Design
- Clarification article.
- Outcomes
- Distinctions between MI and commonly confused ideas.
- Follow-up
- No new prospective treatment-outcome follow-up.
- Key results
- See the paper for the pooled results.
- Limitations
- Not empirical evidence of efficacy; current terminology also needs the fourth-edition text.
A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing process: Technical, relational, and conditional process models of change (opens in a new tab)
Examine how studies test proposed relational and technical MI processes.
mechanisms, change talk, sustain talk
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do therapist behavior and client language relate to outcomes?
- Population
- 36 primary studies; 3,025 participants.
- Intervention
- Motivational interviewing-related intervention or process.
- Comparator
- Not applicable or varied.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of observational process associations.
- Outcomes
- Therapist/client language and later risk behavior.
- Follow-up
- See the paper.
- Key results
- Proportion change talk related to reduced risk behavior at follow-up (r = −.16); sustain talk alone related to worse outcome (r = .19).
- Limitations
- Associations do not establish causation; target behaviors and study contexts differ.
A randomized trial of methods to help clinicians learn motivational interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Supports using observed practice, coaching, and feedback rather than judging skill from confidence alone.
training, feedback
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Which training supports improve observed MI skill?
- Population
- 140 licensed substance-use professionals.
- Intervention
- Motivational interviewing-related intervention or process.
- Comparator
- Workshop, feedback, coaching combinations and self-guided waitlist.
- Design
- Randomized five-condition training trial.
- Outcomes
- Observed proficiency from taped practice; self-report skill.
- Follow-up
- Baseline, posttraining, 4, 8, and 12 months.
- Key results
- Training groups improved more than controls; feedback/coaching added gains; self-rated skill did not match observed proficiency.
- Limitations
- Older study in a specific professional population; observed skill is not itself a client-outcome result.
Integrating motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy for severe generalized anxiety disorder: An allegiance-controlled randomized clinical trial (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of Motivational Interviewing.
generalized anxiety, CBT integration, ambivalence
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does MI-integrated CBT improve treatment for severe GAD?
- Population
- 85 adults: 43 CBT alone, 42 MI-CBT.
- Intervention
- Four MI sessions followed by eleven CBT sessions, with MI integrated when addressing ambivalence or resistance.
- Comparator
- 15 CBT sessions versus 4 MI then 11 MI-integrated CBT sessions.
- Design
- Allegiance-controlled randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- No between-group differences from before to immediately after treatment. During twelve-month follow-up, MI–CBT showed a steeper decline in worry/distress and greater odds of no GAD diagnosis at twelve months.
- Follow-up
- Through twelve months.
- Key results
- Eighty-five participants were allocated to MI–CBT (43) or CBT (42). A dropout contrast of 23% versus 10% did not reach statistical significance (p = .09); do not describe it as a demonstrated benefit.
- Limitations
- Single condition and modest sample; integration result does not prove MI alone is superior.
Lecture on Motivational Interviewing by Stephen Rollnick (opens in a new tab)
Developer-led teaching on MI in health and substance-use practice.
MI spirit, health care, engagement
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Video Excerpts of “The Method of Motivational Interviewing” Seminar with Stephen Rollnick (opens in a new tab)
Compare simple and complex reflections and notice how style supports autonomy.
reflections, ambivalence, permission
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Video: Identifying and Guiding Change Talk (opens in a new tab)
A short trainer clip to pair with the change-talk sections; commercial teaching claims should be compared with systematic reviews.
change talk, evoking
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Helping People Change and Grow with Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
The fourth-edition publisher’s linked trailer; orientation material rather than a therapy demonstration.
contemporary practice, four tasks
Linked public page; full media or text may have separate access conditions.
Talking to Change, episode 7: The Development, Future, and Practice of MI (opens in a new tab)
Explore how MI developed and how a co-developer understands its everyday practice.
history, contemporary practice, MI spirit
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
MI in Action: Turning Conversations into Change Pt. 2 (opens in a new tab)
Explore curiosity, empathy and practitioner self-awareness in MI conversations.
self-awareness, MI spirit, autonomy
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Addressing Cultural Complexities in Counseling and Clinical Practice: An Intersectional Approach, Fourth Edition (opens in a new tab)
The ADDRESSING framework provides a structured starting point for exploring intersecting identities without deciding what matters for a client in advance.
identity, intersectionality, reflection
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice, Ninth Edition (opens in a new tab)
A broad reference linking identity, structural inequity, clinical responsibility, and culturally responsive practice. Pair general frameworks with the particular person’s account.
identity, intersectionality, reflection
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
The Racial Healing Handbook: Practical Activities to Help You Challenge Privilege, Confront Systemic Racism, and Engage in Collective Healing (opens in a new tab)
Supporting personal and collective reflection on racial harm and privilege; a workbook recommendation, not evidence that one activity improves psychotherapy outcomes.
identity, intersectionality, reflection
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
Cultural Humility in Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates discussion of cultural identity within a therapy relationship.
cultural humility, clinical relationship, adaptation
Paid; public listing with purchase, library, or subscription options.
Applying Cultural Humility Principles to Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary demonstration connecting humility with assessment and evidence-based therapy, including positionality and attention to power.
cultural humility, clinical relationship, adaptation
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
Cultural Complexity in Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A culturally responsive CBT demonstration using ADDRESSING. This is a cross-model application, not a universal multicultural treatment protocol.
cultural humility, clinical relationship, adaptation
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
Therapy With Diverse Couples (opens in a new tab)
A couple-format illustration of culture as both strength and challenge, with attention to joining both partners. Do not assume its format or case applies to individual therapy.
cultural humility, clinical relationship, adaptation
Purchase or institutional subscription for the complete work; public description is free.
279. ACT for Healing Black Racial Trauma with Jennifer Shepard Payne (opens in a new tab)
Discusses Payne’s adaptation of ACT to the experiences of Black people facing racial trauma.
racism, adaptation, cultural responsiveness
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good…Andrew Beck on Transcultural CBT (opens in a new tab)
Discusses how CBT formulation and practice can respond to cultural differences and social context.
racism, adaptation, cultural responsiveness
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
How to combat microaggressions, with Derald Wing Sue, PhD (opens in a new tab)
Explores how everyday slights communicate bias and how people can respond to microaggressions.
racism, adaptation, cultural responsiveness
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Cultural humility: Measuring openness to culturally diverse clients. (opens in a new tab)
Published correction: Correction notice (opens in a new tab). Check the corrected article when using its results.
Introduces the measurement of client-perceived cultural humility.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does perceived therapist humility relate to alliance and improvement?
- Population
- Clients and participants across four studies.
- Intervention
- Perceived humility measurement.
- Comparator
- Relationships among humility, alliance, and perceived improvement.
- Design
- Scale-development and association studies.
- Outcomes
- Reliability, validity, alliance, and improvement.
- Follow-up
- Study-specific; durability not established here.
- Key results
- Four studies; association and statistical mediation reported.
- Limitations
- Scale-development and association studies; nonexperimental mediation does not establish causation. A 2015 correction repaired a scoring syntax error: thirteen rather than twelve items had been used. Corrected and original scores correlated above .99; conclusions were unchanged. See the linked correction.
Cultural humility and racial microaggressions in counseling (opens in a new tab)
Shows why therapist good intentions and cultural matching do not replace attention to client experience and repair.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How are perceived humility and microaggressions related?
- Population
- 2,212 racial and ethnic minority clients.
- Intervention
- Retrospective reports of counseling encounters.
- Comparator
- Associations with perceived humility and identity matching.
- Design
- Cross-sectional client survey.
- Outcomes
- Reported microaggressions and humility.
- Follow-up
- No prospective follow-up established here.
- Key results
- 81% reported at least one microaggression; greater perceived humility associated with fewer.
- Limitations
- Retrospective self-report and correlational design cannot prove a humility intervention prevents harm or establish universal prevalence.
Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: A direct-comparison meta-analysis. (opens in a new tab)
A direct comparison of adapted and unadapted bona fide therapies; useful for asking which components and explanations require adaptation.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does cultural adaptation add benefit to otherwise bona fide therapy?
- Population
- Studies involving culturally diverse clients.
- Intervention
- Culturally adapted psychotherapy.
- Comparator
- Unadapted bona fide psychotherapy.
- Design
- Direct-comparison meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Primary psychological functioning.
- Follow-up
- Across included studies; long-term durability not established.
- Key results
- Reported advantage d = 0.32; adapting the explanation of illness was a moderator.
- Limitations
- Study variation and moderator analyses limit causal interpretation of particular ingredients. “Myth” is the authors’ technical term for a healing explanation, not proof that any explanation is accurate.
A Meta-Analysis of Cultural Adaptations of Psychological Interventions (opens in a new tab)
Broader adaptation synthesis. Distinguish mixed control comparisons from the narrower question of adapted versus unadapted versions of the same therapy.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective are culturally adapted psychological interventions?
- Population
- Seventy-eight studies with 13,998 participants; 95% non-European American.
- Intervention
- Culturally adapted psychological treatments.
- Comparator
- Mixed comparison conditions, including unadapted interventions.
- Design
- Meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Psychological treatment outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Varies by study; sustained effects not established by this summary.
- Key results
- Across mixed comparison conditions, g = .67. For adapted versus unadapted versions of the same intervention, g = .52. These are distinct comparisons.
- Limitations
- Control conditions, population, and intervention heterogeneity matter. A pooled effect does not prescribe one adaptation for an individual client.
Collaboration in Multicultural Therapy: Establishing a Strong Therapeutic Alliance Across Cultural Lines (opens in a new tab)
Examines collaboration across cultural differences through clinical reasoning and illustration.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Windows of cultural opportunity: A thematic analysis of how cultural conversations occur in psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Studies how opportunities for cultural conversation arise within therapy sessions.
cultural responsiveness, evidence appraisal
Public source page; recording availability may vary.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do cultural conversations emerge and receive responses?
- Population
- Twenty-two first-session transcripts from diverse therapist–client pairings at a university counseling center.
- Intervention
- Observed cultural conversational opportunities.
- Comparator
- Patterns across transcripts, not treatment assignment.
- Design
- Qualitative thematic analysis.
- Outcomes
- Themes describing openings and therapist responses.
- Follow-up
- First-session material; outcome durability not tested.
- Key results
- Four emergence themes and three response themes described.
- Limitations
- A small, contextual qualitative analysis, not a prevalence study or a causal test of treatment efficacy.
A Practitioner’s Guide to Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy, Third Edition (opens in a new tab)
A core practitioner text connecting assessment, alliance, and cognitive, emotive, and behavioral work.
theory and practice
Purchase or library access.
The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
Foundational clinical writing; publisher lists a 2007 reissue with a new foreword. Historical technique style requires contemporary judgment.
theory and practice
Purchase or library access.
Working Creatively with Obstacles to Client Change in Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide, Second Edition (opens in a new tab)
Contemporary practitioner discussion of obstacles contributed by both therapist and client.
theory and practice
Purchase or library access.
Rational-Emotive Therapy: Fundamentals and Innovations (opens in a new tab)
A historical theory/practice source, useful for development and comparison; not presented as current guidance.
theory and practice
Purchase or library access.
Drop That Eggnog! with Dr. Kristene A. Doyle (opens in a new tab)
Consider an REBT perspective on holiday demands and emotional responses.
clinical application
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Friday Night Live! with Dr. Kristene A. Doyle (Nov 14, 2014) (opens in a new tab)
Study a professional REBT demonstration in the institute’s Friday Night Live series.
clinical application
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
REBT Research with Daniel David, Ph.D and Windy Dryden, Ph.D (opens in a new tab)
An expert research conversation; evaluate its claims alongside later systematic reviews.
beliefs, clinical reasoning
Official page or source recording; platform access may vary.
Theory and Practice of RET (opens in a new tab)
Historical audio excerpt on the belief–consequence connection. Strong instant-change language in its hosting description should not be treated as a guaranteed outcome.
beliefs, clinical reasoning
Official page or source recording; platform access may vary.
How to Deal with Difficult People (opens in a new tab)
Historical audio about emotive methods and acceptance; not a current manual or peer imagery script.
beliefs, clinical reasoning
Official page or source recording; platform access may vary.
Rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial, posttreatment outcomes, and six-month follow-up (opens in a new tab)
Examine the research question, comparison conditions and limits of this study of REBT.
depression, comparative outcomes
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How did REBT compare with cognitive therapy and medication in major depression?
- Population
- 170 outpatients with nonpsychotic major depression.
- Intervention
- 14 weeks of REBT.
- Comparator
- 14 weeks of cognitive therapy or fluoxetine.
- Design
- Randomized clinical trial.
- Outcomes
- Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory.
- Follow-up
- Posttreatment and six months.
- Key results
- No posttreatment group difference observed; at six months REBT exceeded medication on the Hamilton scale only.
- Limitations
- One trial and outcome-specific follow-up differences; not evidence of universal superiority or equivalence.
Irrational Beliefs and Psychological Distress: A Meta-Analysis (opens in a new tab)
Examine how studies measure the association between irrational beliefs and distress.
beliefs, distress, mechanisms
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How are irrational beliefs associated with psychological distress?
- Population
- 100 independent samples from 83 studies.
- Intervention
- Measured beliefs; not a single assigned treatment.
- Comparator
- Distress measures and moderator groups.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of belief–distress associations.
- Outcomes
- Psychological distress.
- Follow-up
- Study-specific assessment timing.
- Key results
- Abstract reports omnibus correlation r=.38, with several measurement and sample moderators.
- Limitations
- Measurement and design variation limit causal interpretation. Do not equate association with mediation.
A Meta-Analytical Approach of the Relationships Between the Irrationality of Beliefs and the Functionality of Automatic Thoughts (opens in a new tab)
Explore research distinguishing evaluative beliefs from automatic thoughts.
irrational beliefs, automatic thoughts, process research
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do irrational beliefs relate to automatic-thought functionality?
- Population
- 34 experimental and correlational studies, 5,086 participants.
- Intervention
- Measured or experimentally examined beliefs.
- Comparator
- Automatic-thought measures and belief-content subgroups.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of mixed study designs.
- Outcomes
- Association between belief irrationality and thought functionality.
- Follow-up
- Varied; not a clinical long-term effectiveness review.
- Key results
- The abstract reports an overall correlation of r=.43; certainty-belief subgroup r=.58, with no reported control-belief association.
- Limitations
- Mixed designs and construct measures do not establish that one named clinical intervention caused change.
Schema Therapy in Practice: An Introductory Guide to the Schema Mode Approach (opens in a new tab)
An introduction to mode formulation and emotional work. Publisher lists print 2012 and e-book 2017; cited editions may use copyright 2013.
mode formulation, clinical practice
Purchase or institutional access.
Group Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual with Patient Workbook (opens in a new tab)
A format-specific manual; group methods require training and should not be assumed identical to individual therapy.
mode formulation, clinical practice
Purchase or institutional access.
The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, Research, and Practice (opens in a new tab)
Broad theoretical, clinical, and implementation perspectives; useful alongside newer research.
mode formulation, clinical practice
Purchase or institutional access.
Ida Shaw: Overcoming Stuckness In the Client or the Therapist (opens in a new tab)
Explore how a therapist reasons about stuckness in treatment.
therapist stance, modes
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Robert Brockman Interview on Pathological Worry (opens in a new tab)
Explore pathological worry through a schema therapy lens.
therapist stance, modes
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Wendy Behary: Empathically Attuned Caregiver Mode in the Treatment Room (opens in a new tab)
Explore the empathically attuned caregiving mode in clinical work.
therapist stance, modes
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
What’s the Schemata, episode 67: Schema Therapy VS DBT New Research Battle - Who Won? (opens in a new tab)
Explore how schema therapy trainers discuss comparative research and its clinical interpretation.
clinical reasoning, adaptation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
What’s the Schemata, episode 61: Introducing Graham Kell and Schema Therapy for Adolescents (opens in a new tab)
Explore developmental adaptations of schema mode work for adolescents.
clinical reasoning, adaptation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
What’s the Schemata, episode 59: Nuanced Imagery Rescripting: Social Isolation, Abandonment & More (opens in a new tab)
Explore choices and nuance in imagery rescripting for isolation and abandonment.
clinical reasoning, adaptation
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
The efficacy of schema therapy for personality disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Synthesizes clinical outcomes while requiring caution about mixed designs and format subgroup comparisons.
personality disorders, comparative outcomes
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does schema therapy improve personality-disorder outcomes?
- Population
- Eight randomized trials with 587 participants and seven single-group trials with 163.
- Intervention
- Schema therapy in different formats.
- Comparator
- Control conditions in randomized studies; baseline in single-group studies.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of distinct study designs.
- Outcomes
- Personality symptoms, quality of life, schemas.
- Follow-up
- Varied by included study; not a uniform duration.
- Key results
- Abstract reports control-comparison personality-symptom effect g=.359; formats differ in subgroup analyses.
- Limitations
- Do not treat cross-study subgroup differences as randomized proof that group always beats individual treatment. Single-group change cannot establish comparative efficacy.
Adverse childhood experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab)
Tests associations relevant to developmental theory without proving an individual client’s childhood caused a current schema.
developmental formulation, schema origins
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How does childhood adversity relate to adult schema scores?
- Population
- 33 studies of adult schemas and reported childhood adversity.
- Intervention
- Measured childhood adversity and schemas; not an assigned therapy.
- Comparator
- Associations across adversity and schema categories.
- Design
- Systematic review and correlational meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Schema scores.
- Follow-up
- Only one included study was longitudinal.
- Key results
- Many small-to-large associations were reported, with substantial variation by adversity and schema.
- Limitations
- Predominantly correlational and potentially retrospective; cannot establish a personal causal history or validate a therapist-led memory account.
The higher-order structure of early maladaptive schemas: A meta-analytical approach (opens in a new tab)
Examine how researchers test the organization of early maladaptive schemas.
schema domains, measurement critique
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How are the 18 schema scales organized at a higher level?
- Population
- 27 studies, 33 independent samples, 13,958 participants.
- Intervention
- Young Schema Questionnaire correlations; not treatment.
- Comparator
- Proposed domain structures.
- Design
- Pooled correlations with confirmatory factor analysis and principal component analysis.
- Outcomes
- Fit and organization of higher-order schema domains.
- Follow-up
- Cross-sample measurement synthesis.
- Key results
- Weak confirmatory support for prior domain models; principal components suggested four domains but a simpler three-domain organization also appeared.
- Limitations
- Questionnaire structure is not proof of distinct underlying causes or treatment mechanisms. Clinical/nonclinical mixtures and analytic choices matter.
Early maladaptive schemas, emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (opens in a new tab)
Read a synthesis connecting schema measures with emotion regulation and alexithymia.
emotion regulation, alexithymia, process association
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do schemas relate to emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia?
- Population
- 19 studies, pooled N=5,957.
- Intervention
- Measured schema and emotion-related constructs.
- Comparator
- Associations across schemas and domains.
- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of associations.
- Outcomes
- Emotion regulation difficulty and alexithymia.
- Follow-up
- Studies published 2008–2022; predominantly cross-sectional.
- Key results
- Emotion-regulation difficulty associated with all 18 schemas; alexithymia with 16.
- Limitations
- Association does not show that a schema causes emotion difficulty or that adding DBT skills improves schema therapy. Sample and measure variation limit inference.
Schema Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A compact professional reference on model development and research directions; read with subsequent trials.
history, modes, treatment integration
Official source page; recording or institutional access may vary.
A cluster randomized trial of a rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) program and a mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) program, with South African adolescent rugby players (opens in a new tab)
A contemporary active-comparator trial in adolescent sport. Useful for population-specific appraisal; not evidence of superiority across psychotherapy.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How do REBT and MAC programs affect adolescent rugby players?
- Population
- South African adolescent rugby players.
- Intervention
- Seven-week preferential REBT program.
- Comparator
- Seven-week mindfulness-acceptance-commitment program and wait-list.
- Design
- Cluster randomized trial.
- Outcomes
- Irrational beliefs, competitive anxiety, and subjective performance.
- Follow-up
- Program period; longer follow-up not reported.
- Key results
- Abstract reports greater improvement on REBT outcomes and some anxiety improvement with MAC; precise estimates not provided.
- Limitations
- Specific sport and developmental setting; subjective performance is not objective match performance. Without full analysis, precision, attrition, and clustering cannot be judged. Do not generalize to treatment of clinical disorders.
Effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on Self-Control and Impulsivity in Male Prisoners (opens in a new tab)
A small forensic-setting trial relevant to the site’s population interests. Appraise its limits rather than interpreting self-control scores as proof of reduced reoffending.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Primary abstract available; full-paper access varies by publisher and institution.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Does a group REBT course improve reported self-control and impulsivity?
- Population
- 30 male prisoners, convenience sampled and randomized, 15 per arm.
- Intervention
- Twelve sessions over six weeks.
- Comparator
- Waiting-list control.
- Design
- Small randomized pre/post/follow-up study.
- Outcomes
- Self-Control Scale and Dysfunctional Impulsivity Questionnaire.
- Follow-up
- One month.
- Key results
- Reported improvements remained at follow-up; abstract provides significance thresholds, not a precise between-group effect estimate.
- Limitations
- Small single-setting sample, self-report measures, and inactive control. Recidivism was not an outcome; improved scale scores do not establish reduced reoffending or transportability to other forensic populations.
REBT conversation: attitudes, unbearability, and healthy anger (July 17, 2021) (opens in a new tab)
Matweychuk and Dryden explain why they use the language of attitudes and unbearability and distinguish healthy from unhealthy anger. Useful for theory-to-language translation.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Official source listing is public; playback availability may vary.
Drs. Matweychuk and Dryden Hold a Conversation on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (December 24, 2022) (opens in a new tab)
Hear two REBT authors discuss the model and clinical practice.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy w/Dr Debbie Joffe Ellis (Ep 306) (opens in a new tab)
Explore how an REBT practitioner explains beliefs, emotions and anxiety.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy and Exercise Addiction (opens in a new tab)
Explore an emerging practitioner’s discussion of REBT and compulsive exercise.
attitudes, clinical reasoning, evidence appraisal
Free official episode or clip page; playback availability may vary.
Is there room for criticism of studies of psychodynamic psychotherapy? (opens in a new tab)
Supporting conceptual source; not a treatment-outcome trial.
Finding the right fit for intensive short term dynamic psychotherapy: A book review (opens in a new tab)
A critical review of Abbass’s Reaching through resistance; distinct from the book itself.
Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (opens in a new tab)
Distinguishes the RFQ self-report instrument from interview-rated reflective functioning.
Jonathan Shedler — Selected writings (opens in a new tab)
Author-hosted route to clinical explanations, research papers, and commentary; identify each source's genre before drawing conclusions.
Jonathan Shedler — That Was Then, This Is Now, Part 1 (2026) (opens in a new tab)
An updated introduction aimed at trainees; its index covers unconscious life, conflict, past/present, transference, defense, and causation.
APA author webinar — Deliberate Practice in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
APA links an author demonstration and discussion; use the companion book to interpret criteria rather than inventing them.
Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, episode 205 — Beginning Treatment with Jonathan Shedler (opens in a new tab)
The host publishes an edited role-play excerpt about missed appointments, shame, and making room for reflection.
Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, episode 171 — Nancy McWilliams on Mental Health, Transference, and Dissociation (opens in a new tab)
Discusses mental health, transference and dissociation.
Psychodynamic Therapy: As Efficacious as Other Empirically Supported Treatments? A Meta-Analysis Testing Equivalence of Outcomes (opens in a new tab)
Which disorders, comparison treatments, and trial quality were included?
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Is psychodynamic therapy equivalent to other treatments with established efficacy?
- Population
- Adults with depressive (8 trials), anxiety (4), eating (4), personality (4), substance use (2), and PTSD (1) disorders.
- Intervention
- Psychodynamic therapy.
- Comparator
- CBT in 21 trials; SSRI or SNRI medication in 2 depression trials.
- Design
- Meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials (2,751 patients) using an equivalence margin of ±0.25.
- Outcomes
- Target symptoms (primary), general symptoms, and psychosocial functioning, after treatment and at follow-up.
- Follow-up
- 16 trials reported follow-up.
- Key results
- After treatment, g = −0.153 (90% CI −0.227 to −0.079), slightly favoring comparators but inside the equivalence margin. At follow-up, g = −0.049 (90% CI −0.137 to 0.039). Psychosocial functioning at follow-up did not meet equivalence; it nominally favored psychodynamic therapy without a significant superiority test. Heterogeneity was negligible. Allegiance, quality, and diagnosis did not moderate results.
- Limitations
- Only 23 trials; just two medication comparisons and none against interpersonal therapy; response and remission rates were unsatisfactory for every treatment; equivalence is not the same as identical effects for every person.
Cognitive behavior therapy vs. control conditions, other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis including 409 trials with 52,702 patients (opens in a new tab)
Do results generalize beyond depression and the included study settings?
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is CBT for depression against controls, other therapies, medication, and combined treatment?
- Population
- 409 trials (518 comparisons), 52,702 patients of all ages and settings.
- Intervention
- CBT in individual, group, guided, and self-help formats.
- Comparator
- Care as usual or waitlist; other psychotherapies; antidepressants; combined treatment.
- Design
- Random-effects meta-analysis.
- Outcomes
- Depression severity.
- Follow-up
- Short term and 6–12 months.
- Key results
- Against control g = 0.79 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.89). Against other psychotherapies g = 0.06 (0 to 0.12), non-significant in most sensitivity analyses. Against medication: no short-term difference; at 6–12 months g = 0.34 (0.09 to 0.58) favoring CBT, from few trials. Combined treatment beat medication alone but not CBT alone.
- Limitations
- Waitlist controls inflate effects; long-term comparisons rest on few trials; heterogeneity across formats and populations.
The current evidence of solution-focused brief therapy: A meta-analysis of psychosocial outcomes and moderating factors (opens in a new tab)
Examine the range of settings, designs, and outcome measures.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How effective is SFBT on psychosocial outcomes, and what moderates the effect?
- Population
- 79 studies (72 non-overlapping samples), N = 4,356: patients, students, parents, couples, and others in school, outpatient, community, correctional, and hospital settings.
- Intervention
- SFBT with at least one core component.
- Comparator
- No treatment or waitlist (48 studies), treatment as usual (25), active alternative (2; too few to analyze).
- Design
- Three-level meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies; preregistered.
- Outcomes
- Well-being, depression, anxiety, internalizing and externalizing problems, family and school functioning, coping, addiction.
- Follow-up
- Post-test g = 1.23; follow-up g = 1.03 (not significantly different).
- Key results
- Overall g = 1.17 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.50). Versus no treatment g = 1.59; versus usual care g = 0.58. Clinical samples g = 0.78; non-clinical g = 1.50. Unpublished studies averaged g = 0.01 versus 1.26 for published.
- Limitations
- Publication bias could not be ruled out; almost no active comparators; treatment integrity and therapist training not analyzable; language restrictions; large heterogeneity.
Experiential therapies including Chairwork: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (opens in a new tab)
Chairwork occurs in multiple approaches. Its evidence does not automatically establish the full Gestalt model.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What do randomized trials show for experiential therapies that include chairwork?
- Population
- 22 RCTs: depression, binge eating, OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, childhood trauma, unfinished business, anger, and others.
- Intervention
- Experiential treatments with chairwork components.
- Comparator
- Client-centered therapy, CBT, exposure, psychoeducation, waitlist, empathic exploration.
- Design
- Systematic review of RCTs (searched to August 2024); Cochrane RoB 2.0.
- Outcomes
- Disorder-specific symptoms and process measures.
- Follow-up
- Varied.
- Key results
- 2,816 records; 22 RCTs. Risk of bias: 2 low, 8 some concerns, 14 high (counts as reported, which sum to 24). Empty-chair work outperformed psychoeducation for unfinished business; many comparisons with CBT or exposure showed similar outcomes.
- Limitations
- Chairwork embedded in multimodal treatments, so its unique contribution cannot be isolated; small pilot samples; inconsistent counts; no couple studies.
What is the window of tolerance? (opens in a new tab)
Public education resource describing the window as a model of arousal; not a validation of a diagnostic threshold.
Tips for using ignoring (opens in a new tab)
Official parent guidance for minor attention-maintained behavior in young children; does not cover dangerous behavior.
Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (opens in a new tab)
Standards 3.10 and 4.05 address consent, assent and disclosure. They do not replace jurisdiction-specific law or rules of other professions.
assent, confidentiality
The Historical Roots of Gestalt Therapy Theory (opens in a new tab)
Traces intellectual influences and collaborators in Gestalt therapy’s development.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
An overview of phenomenology, field theory, dialogue, and clinical practice.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Field Theory in Contemporary Gestalt Therapy, Part 1: Modulating the Therapist’s Presence in Clinical Practice (opens in a new tab)
Explores how field theory changes the therapist’s participation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Field Theory in Contemporary Gestalt Therapy Part Two: Paradoxical Theory of Change Reconsidered (opens in a new tab)
Reconsiders the paradoxical theory of change from several Gestalt perspectives.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Mechanisms of Change in Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) (opens in a new tab)
Examines proposed interpersonal pathways of change and questions for mechanism research.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Beyond Doer and Done To: Recognition Theory, Intersubjectivity and the Third (opens in a new tab)
Develops mutual recognition, breakdown, acknowledgment, and thirdness in relational psychoanalysis.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Unformulated Experience: From Dissociation to Imagination in Psychoanalysis (opens in a new tab)
Examines experience that has not yet been articulated and the relational conditions of meaning-making.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Recovery-Oriented Cognitive Therapy for Serious Mental Health Conditions (opens in a new tab)
Explains CT-R’s emphasis on aspirations, adaptive capacities, meaningful activity, and community participation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Process-Based Therapy: A Common Ground for Understanding and Utilizing Therapeutic Practices (opens in a new tab)
Explore a framework for describing therapeutic processes across different schools.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Learning RFT: An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory and Its Clinical Application (opens in a new tab)
Introduces a behavioral account of language and its clinical implications.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Mastering the Clinical Conversation: Language as Intervention (opens in a new tab)
Connects relational frame theory with clinical conversations and responsive language use.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Anxiety (opens in a new tab)
Explores ambivalence and the use of MI throughout anxiety-focused therapy.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Working at Relational Depth in Counselling and Psychotherapy, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Develops relational depth and examines connection and disconnection in therapy.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
DBT Principles in Action: Acceptance, Change, and Dialectics (opens in a new tab)
Connects moment-to-moment clinical decisions with DBT principles.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Treating Trauma in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: The DBT Prolonged Exposure Protocol (DBT PE) (opens in a new tab)
Describes a structured way of integrating trauma-focused work with DBT.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Theory and Practice for Treating Disorders of Overcontrol (opens in a new tab)
Presents a distinct model emphasizing overcontrol, openness, and social signaling.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Transdiagnostic Emotion-Focused Therapy: A Clinical Guide for Transforming Emotional Pain (opens in a new tab)
Develops a formulation centered on emotional vulnerability across diagnostic presentations.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Emotion-Focused Therapy for Complex Trauma: An Integrative Approach, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Develops trauma-focused emotional and narrative work within an integrative model.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Emotionally Focused Therapy for Trauma (opens in a new tab)
Develops attachment-informed experiential work with the effects of trauma.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Bowen Theory’s Secrets: Revealing the Hidden Life of Families (opens in a new tab)
Develops Bowen theory’s account of emotional processes across relationships and generations.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Common Factors in Couple and Family Therapy: The Overlooked Foundation for Effective Practice (opens in a new tab)
Examines shared clinical processes across couple and family treatment traditions.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Contextual Schema Therapy: An Integrative Approach to Personality Disorders, Emotional Dysregulation, and Interpersonal Functioning (opens in a new tab)
Integrates mode work with contextual behavioral and acceptance-oriented perspectives.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in Sport and Exercise (opens in a new tab)
Examines REBT formulations and applications in performance settings.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Clinician’s Guide, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Presents an attachment- and communication-oriented account of IPT practice and adaptation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A neighboring experiential dynamic model integrating work on emotional avoidance and relationships.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Working with Defense and Anxiety (opens in a new tab)
Official teaching description connecting defenses, anxiety, complex trauma, and dissociation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents, 2nd ed. (opens in a new tab)
Describes TF-CBT formulation and treatment with young people and their caregivers.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Breaking Free of Child Anxiety and OCD: A Scientifically Proven Program for Parents (opens in a new tab)
Introduces SPACE and examines supportive responses and family accommodation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
GenerationPMTO: Founders (opens in a new tab)
Official account of Patterson, Forgatch, coercion theory, and program development.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Official source
Liberation Psychology: Theory, Method, Practice, and Social Justice (opens in a new tab)
Develops liberation-oriented theory, clinical work, participatory methods, and social action.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
The Next Generation of Solution Focused Practice: Stretching the World for New Opportunities and Progress (opens in a new tab)
Develops a description-focused account of solution-focused conversation and its conceptual foundations.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Relational Approaches in Gestalt Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A collection developing dialogue, relational understanding, and clinical responsiveness.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Psychopathology of the Situation in Gestalt Therapy: A Field-oriented Approach (opens in a new tab)
Develops a situational account of difficult clinical presentations and the therapist’s participation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
On Coming into Possession of Oneself: Transformations of the Interpersonal Field (opens in a new tab)
Develops contemporary interpersonal field theory, meaning-making, and the analyst’s emotional participation.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
Psychoanalytic Field Theory: A Contemporary Introduction (opens in a new tab)
Introduces the Bionian field perspective and its account of unconscious communication and clinical change.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation
Purchase or library
The Relational Turn of Gestalt Therapy Clinical Practice: From the “empty chair” to the “dance of reciprocity” in the field (opens in a new tab)
Develops a relational account of contact, support, and reciprocal clinical adjustments.
contemporary theory, clinical formulation, relational practice
Author institute hosts the journal issue
Mentalization-Based Treatment (opens in a new tab)
The developers explain mentalizing, the therapeutic stance, and basic clinical interventions.
Open primary text; review limited to specified sections.
Tailoring AEDP Interventions to Attachment Style (opens in a new tab)
Explains how attachment patterns inform connection, pace and intervention choices.
Open primary text; review limited to specified sections.
The Preferred Future and 4 Practice Points (opens in a new tab)
A BRIEF practitioner explains how a detailed preferred-future description functions in a solution-focused conversation.
Open primary text; review limited to specified sections.
Impossible Hopes? (opens in a new tab)
An original practitioner discussion of working with hopes involving other people or circumstances beyond one’s control.
Open primary text; review limited to specified sections.
PCIT: Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (opens in a new tab)
An official description of PCIT phases, live coaching, and carrying skills into daily interactions.
Open primary text; review limited to specified sections.
Therapeutic Presence: Therapists’ experience of presence in the psychotherapy encounter (opens in a new tab)
Develops a model of therapist presence through practitioner interviews.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Accessible primary material
Inside Blamer Softening: Maps and Missteps (opens in a new tab)
Explains the clinical sequence and obstacles involved in a softening event.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Accessible primary material
Differentiation of Self (opens in a new tab)
The institute’s explanation of maintaining a considered position while remaining connected under relationship pressure.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Accessible primary material
Triangles (opens in a new tab)
The institute explains how tension can move through a three-person relationship pattern.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Accessible primary material
What is DBT PE? (opens in a new tab)
The official account of how DBT prolonged exposure is coordinated with DBT and how readiness is considered.
clinical formulation, contemporary practice
Official primary page
What is RO DBT and who is it for? (opens in a new tab)
The official model overview explains overcontrol, openness, flexibility, and social signaling.
clinical formulation, contemporary practice
Official primary page
Values + Truffle Hunting in Sessions: An Interview with Jenna LeJeune, PhD (opens in a new tab)
A written interview on values as qualities of action and their role in clinical choices.
clinical formulation, contemporary practice
Official primary page
What does “unconscious” mean? Unformulated experience and the interpersonal field (opens in a new tab)
Stern revisits his theory of unformulated experience and the place of relational and nonverbal change.
unformulated experience, interpersonal field, contemporary theory
Free abstract; full text may require institutional access
#46 The Humanism of Recovery-Oriented Cognitive Therapy: A Dialogue with Paul Grant & Ellen Inverso (opens in a new tab)
Explore recovery, aspirations and engagement through a CT-R developer conversation.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Interview with Christine Padesky (opens in a new tab)
Consider Socratic dialogue and clinical learning with a coauthor of Mind Over Mood.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Cognitive Therapy for Weight Loss: A Coaching Session (opens in a new tab)
Observe how cognitive therapy is applied in a coaching conversation about eating and weight.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
185: Russ Harris, Part 1 (opens in a new tab)
Explore acceptance, values and responses to difficult thoughts in everyday language.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
ACT in Action: 6-Video Series (opens in a new tab)
Study explanations and demonstrations of the ACT model across a six-volume training series.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Psychological Flexibility: How Love Turns Pain into Purpose (opens in a new tab)
Hear Hayes explain psychological flexibility through a public lecture.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Useful ACT Reframes (opens in a new tab)
Explore the language of workability and getting hooked.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Understanding Values in ACT (opens in a new tab)
Clarify how values guide choices and committed action.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Values vs Goals (opens in a new tab)
Distinguish an ongoing direction in life from a goal that can be completed.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Talking to Change, episode 1: The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Explore the relational foundation of motivational interviewing with the show’s two hosts.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Talking to Change, episode 6: Change Talk with Theresa Moyers, PhD (opens in a new tab)
Examine change talk, sustain talk and the clinician’s role in shaping a conversation.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Observe Miller demonstrate the conversational practice of MI.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Bringing MI to Life (opens in a new tab)
Consider what makes a readiness ruler useful beyond asking for a number.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Change Talk and Sustain Talk (opens in a new tab)
Learn to distinguish a client’s language for change from language for staying the same.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
How Do Reflection Skills Work? (opens in a new tab)
Study how reflections test and deepen the practitioner’s understanding.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
The Four Processes of Motivational Interviewing (opens in a new tab)
Explore engaging, focusing, evoking and planning as linked conversational processes.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
219: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with Shireen Rizvi (opens in a new tab)
Explore DBT’s framework and the role of behavioral skills in managing emotional difficulties.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
BPD Series, episode 3: Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Balancing Acceptance and Change (opens in a new tab)
Explore acceptance and change in DBT through a conversation with a DBT author.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
The Science and Experience of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Compare a clinician’s explanation of DBT with a contributor’s account of receiving it.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Suicidal Clients, Vol. 1 (opens in a new tab)
Introduces Linehan’s clinical work with suicidal clients through the first part of a recorded DBT demonstration.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Suicidal Clients, Vol. 2 (opens in a new tab)
Continues the recorded DBT clinical work with suicidal clients in the second volume.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Introduces Linehan’s explanation of DBT alongside a demonstration of the approach.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Integrating CFT & DBT for Shame & Relational Trauma (opens in a new tab)
Explore a compassion-focused perspective on shame and relational threat in DBT practice.
clinical reasoning
Free video.
Leaning into Empathic Confrontation with a Big E and Other Gnarly Challenges — with Wendy Behary (opens in a new tab)
Explore empathic confrontation and difficult moments in schema therapy.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
What’s the Schemata?, episode 62: Remco van der Wijngaart (opens in a new tab)
Explore clinical learning and development with an imagery rescripting trainer.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Schema Therapy With Couples (opens in a new tab)
Observe schema therapy applied to a couple’s relationship patterns.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Schema Therapy: Basic & Beyond for Clinical Challenges (opens in a new tab)
Study schema therapy formulation and clinical challenges in an extended training.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
REBT, Single Session Therapy, and Anger (opens in a new tab)
Explore anger and single-session REBT with an REBT author.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Let’s Compare Marcus Aurelius to Modern Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Examine Stoic anger strategies from the perspective of an REBT clinician and researcher.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Windy Dryden on RECBT and CBT (opens in a new tab)
Explore how Dryden relates rational-emotive cognitive behaviour therapy to integrative practice.
clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Albert Ellis on REBT (opens in a new tab)
Hear Ellis explain the philosophy and practice of REBT in an interview.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
Coping with the Suicide of a Loved One: An REBT Approach (opens in a new tab)
Observe Ellis work with beliefs and emotions after suicide bereavement.
clinical reasoning
Paid training video; purchase, subscription or institutional access is required.
214: Focusing with Ann Weiser Cornell (opens in a new tab)
Introduces Inner Relationship Focusing and Cornell’s development of the approach.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Pluralistic Perspectives on Coaching: A Conversation with Prof. Mick Cooper (opens in a new tab)
Examines how pluralistic therapy’s attention to preferences and dialogue translates into a coaching setting.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Carl Rogers on Person-Centered Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Presents historical interviews on the person-centered stance, education, and social change.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach (opens in a new tab)
Offers historical material for studying Rogers’s person-centered approach.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Understanding Emotion (opens in a new tab)
Discusses the origins of EFT and different ways psychotherapy works with emotion.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Psychotherapists Face-to-Face with Dr. Leslie Greenberg (opens in a new tab)
An interview about Greenberg’s development of EFT and research on emotional processes.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free video.
Transforming Emotional Pain: An Illustration of Emotion-Focused Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Pairs a demonstration with commentary on the emotional formulation and therapeutic decisions.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Understanding Emotion-Focused Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Combines an EFT session, post-session reflection, commentary, and discussion of core concepts.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Dr. Sue Johnson: Cracking the Code of Love (The Knowledge Project 62) (opens in a new tab)
Discusses emotional responsiveness and the development of intimate relationships.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Sue Johnson (opens in a new tab)
A general-audience interview about emotion, vulnerability, and couple conflict.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
EP 71: Working with Anger Using Emotionally Focused Therapy — Featuring EFT Trainer George Faller (opens in a new tab)
Discusses how anger can be understood and approached within an EFT formulation.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates EFCT’s attention to emotional experience and the couple’s interactional cycle.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Emotionally Focused Therapy in Action (opens in a new tab)
Demonstrates EFCT’s attention to emotional experience and the couple’s interactional cycle.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Bowen Theory’s Secrets: Revealing the Hidden Life of Families (opens in a new tab)
Introduces Bowen theory through Kerr’s account of families as emotional systems.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Embodiment in Systemic Practice: A personal journey with Shona Grant (opens in a new tab)
Explores how attention to the body enters systemic clinical practice.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Interventions for Working with Separated Parents in Conflict (opens in a new tab)
Discusses the development and clinical reasoning of the Parenting Apart Programme.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Salvador Minuchin on Family Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Hear Minuchin discuss structural family therapy and how he understands family relationships.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
A House Divided: Structural Therapy with a Black Family (opens in a new tab)
Watch Aponte’s structural family work with a Black family and examine the relationships addressed in the session.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Using Family Systems Theory in Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Explore McGoldrick’s use of family systems thinking, including genograms and the family’s wider context.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Family Systems Therapy (opens in a new tab)
Watch Hardy demonstrate family systems therapy and consider how the clinician approaches relationships in context.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Multicultural Orientation – Cultural Humility and Responding to Cultural Opportunities in Counseling with Sidney Shaw (opens in a new tab)
Explores cultural humility, opportunities for cultural conversation, and client feedback.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Notice the Rage; Notice the Silence (opens in a new tab)
Discusses Menakem’s perspective on racial trauma and embodied experience.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Multicultural Competence in Counseling & Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
Discusses multicultural counseling, clinical assumptions, and microaggressions.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Culturally Sensitive Counseling with Latinos (opens in a new tab)
Combines discussion and clinical demonstration concerning culture, family, and assessment.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Paid; public product listing, purchase or subscription for full recording.
Gab with the Greats 2023 Video (opens in a new tab)
A panel discussion about cultural values, historical context, advocacy, and therapist education.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free video.
Gordon Wheeler on the History of Gestalt Psychology at Esalen (opens in a new tab)
Introduces the history of Gestalt at Esalen and Wheeler’s relational and developmental perspective.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Episode 12: Deborah Bowman — Gestalt Awareness Practice: Healing in the Here and Now (opens in a new tab)
Explores Gestalt awareness practice and attention to the present encounter.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free episode.
Emotion in psychotherapy: A practice-friendly research review (opens in a new tab)
Distinguishes awareness, regulation, reflection, and transformation as ways of working with emotion.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free abstract/bibliographic page; full journal article may require institutional access.
Emotional processing in experiential therapy: why the only way out is through (opens in a new tab)
Examines a proposed sequence of emotional processing through task analysis.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free abstract/bibliographic page; full journal article may require institutional access.
The multicultural orientation framework: A narrative review (opens in a new tab)
Reviews cultural humility, cultural opportunities, and cultural comfort as a framework for practice.
clinical reasoning, contemporary practice
Free abstract/bibliographic page; full journal article may require institutional access.
Episode 144: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Jonathan Shedler, PhD (opens in a new tab)
Discusses psychodynamic processes across therapy traditions.
Free episode.
Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP), BPD, & Narcissism with Dr. Frank Yeomans (opens in a new tab)
Explores how a TFP clinician understands personality and the therapy relationship.
Free episode.
Episode 184: Does Analysis Work? A Conversation with Jonathan Shedler, PhD (opens in a new tab)
An analyst and researcher discuss psychodynamic treatment and evaluating psychotherapy research.
Free episode.
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: An Interview with Otto Kernberg, MD (opens in a new tab)
A clinical interview about personality organization and psychoanalytic treatment.
Full recording requires purchase, membership or institutional access; any preview is limited.
Effectively Intervening with Violent Behavior: An Interview with Dr. Peter Fonagy (opens in a new tab)
Discusses violence, mentalizing and therapeutic reasoning.
Full recording requires purchase, membership or institutional access; any preview is limited.
EP21 Clinical Demonstration 04: Transference Focused Psychotherapy (opens in a new tab)
A recorded clinical demonstration of transference-focused psychotherapy.
Full recording requires purchase, membership or institutional access; any preview is limited.
The Efficacy of Psychoanalytic Therapy: The Talking Cure in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice (opens in a new tab)
A recorded lecture about interpreting psychoanalytic psychotherapy research.
Registration is required. The public listing does not establish whether a fee applies; check the provider before enrolling.
Psychoanalytic Therapy (opens in a new tab)
A demonstration of psychoanalytic listening and case understanding.
Full recording requires purchase, membership or institutional access; any preview is limited.
176: Healing Trauma and Attachment Injuries through Intimacy: AEDP with Diana Fosha (opens in a new tab)
Discusses accompanying emotion, protective responses and noticing change in therapy.
Free episode.
Diana Fosha: The Transformational Therapist (opens in a new tab)
An interview about emotion and the therapist’s participation in AEDP.
Free episode.
Journeying from Shame to Serenity (opens in a new tab)
An AEDP presentation focused on shame and emotional processing.
Free video.
AEDP Explained (opens in a new tab)
A brief explanation of AEDP’s clinical model.
Free video.
Dr. Dan Siegel: How Our Attachment History Impacts Our Current Relationships — Part 2 (opens in a new tab)
A discussion of attachment history and relationships.
Free episode.
EP196: Treating Childhood Anxiety: A Parent-Based Approach with Eli Lebowitz (opens in a new tab)
Explains a parent-based approach to childhood anxiety and family accommodation.
Free episode.
SFP 41: Solution Focus is an Evidence-Based Intervention: The Impact of Research for Solution Focus (opens in a new tab)
Discusses research design, implementation and cultural questions in solution-focused work.
Free episode.
Why do you use a collaborative training approach? (opens in a new tab)
The program developer explains the purpose of collaborative learning in parent groups.
Free video.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Community-Based Services: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies (opens in a new tab)
Examines randomized studies from community services and how the authors grouped treatment techniques.
Official publisher record; full-text access may depend on publisher or institutional access.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Students in Schools: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of the U.S. and Chinese Literature (opens in a new tab)
Compares the design and outcomes of school-based studies from two research literatures.
Official publisher record; full-text access may depend on publisher or institutional access.
Beck Institute multimedia resources (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
ACBS podcast and audio resources (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
What’s the Schemata? — episodes (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Albert Ellis Institute (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Debbie Joffe Ellis — podcasts (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Talking to Change — all episodes (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
IEFT: Videos and Podcasts (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Sue Johnson: Press and Podcasts (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Psyflix: Sue Johnson recordings (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Race and Racism: Resources for Your Practice (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Talks on Psychoanalysis (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
AEDP Institute free videos and podcasts (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
AEDP Institute articles (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
University of Toronto: Learn IPT course (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
IPT Institute training (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
SCCAP recorded webinars (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
FIU online training (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
PCIT International media (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
SFIO podcasts (opens in a new tab)
Browse the official collection for additional talks, interviews and training resources.
Individual resources may have separate access requirements.
Transforming Trauma, episode 114: Championing Relational Therapeutic Solutions in a Quick-Fix World With Dr. Jonathan Shedler (opens in a new tab)
Hear Shedler’s perspective on the therapeutic alliance, transference and countertransference, and the relationship between psychotherapy research and clinical practice.
therapeutic alliance, transference, clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Transforming Trauma, episode 143: What Good Psychotherapy Looks Like With Dr. Jonathan Shedler (opens in a new tab)
Continues the conversation about the working alliance, individual understanding and the conditions that make difficult therapeutic exploration possible.
therapeutic alliance, transference, clinical reasoning
Free episode.
Transference-focused psychotherapy v. treatment by community psychotherapists for borderline personality disorder: randomised controlled trial (opens in a new tab)
How did TFP compare with experienced community therapists for borderline personality disorder?
outcome research
Free abstract; full article access depends on the publisher.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How did TFP compare with experienced community therapists for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 104 female outpatients with borderline personality disorder.
- Intervention
- One year of TFP.
- Comparator
- Treatment by experienced community psychotherapists.
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial.
- Outcomes
- Dropout, suicide attempts, BPD symptoms, psychosocial functioning, personality organization and hospital admissions.
- Follow-up
- One-year treatment period; no later follow-up described in the abstract.
- Key results
- Dropout: 38.5% with TFP versus 67.3% with community treatment. TFP had better results on BPD symptoms, functioning and personality organization; both groups improved depression and anxiety without significant between-group differences. Self-harming behavior did not change in either group.
- Limitations
- An all-female sample and substantial dropout limit generalization; results depend on the outcome measured. The abstract does not permit a full assessment of treatment dose or missing-data handling.
Psychotherapies for the treatment of borderline personality disorder: A systematic review (opens in a new tab)
What do comparative studies show about psychotherapy options for borderline personality disorder?
outcome research
Free abstract; full article access depends on the publisher.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What do comparative studies show about psychotherapy options for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 25 studies with 2,545 participants aged 13 or older.
- Intervention
- Commonly used psychotherapies, including TFP.
- Comparator
- Treatment as usual or another psychotherapy.
- Design
- Systematic review with searches through July 14, 2022; GRADE certainty ratings.
- Outcomes
- BPD severity, symptoms and functioning.
- Follow-up
- Varied across included studies; not pooled in the abstract.
- Key results
- Low-certainty evidence favored TFP and several other treatments over usual care. Head-to-head evidence was low or very low certainty and did not establish one psychotherapy as the most beneficial.
- Limitations
- Single-study comparisons and low-certainty evidence limit treatment rankings; a 2024 publication does not imply a search through 2024.
Mentalization-Based Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: State-Of-The-Science and Future Directions (opens in a new tab)
What does the randomized-trial literature show about MBT for borderline personality disorder?
outcome research
Free article available through the linked record.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- What does the randomized-trial literature show about MBT for borderline personality disorder?
- Population
- 14 randomized trials identified through April 1, 2025.
- Intervention
- Mentalization-based therapy for BPD.
- Comparator
- Comparison treatments differed across trials.
- Design
- Narrative review of randomized trials, updating the seven trials identified in the 2020 Cochrane review.
- Outcomes
- BPD symptoms, interpersonal functioning and methodological quality.
- Follow-up
- Varied across trials.
- Key results
- Some trials reported improvement in BPD symptoms and interpersonal functioning. The reviewers rated all included trials at high risk of bias. No single pooled treatment effect was reported.
- Limitations
- Predominantly European and female samples; attention, attrition and allegiance bias; incomplete attention to severity, comorbidity and developmental stage.
Mentalisation-based treatment for antisocial personality disorder in males convicted of an offence on community probation in England and Wales (Mentalization for Offending Adult Males, MOAM): a multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial (opens in a new tab)
Can MBT adapted for antisocial personality disorder reduce aggression when added to probation?
outcome research
Free abstract; full article access depends on the publisher.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- Can MBT adapted for antisocial personality disorder reduce aggression when added to probation?
- Population
- 313 men aged 21 or older with antisocial personality disorder, convictions and elevated aggression, across 13 England/Wales probation sites.
- Intervention
- 12 months of weekly group MBT-ASPD and monthly individual sessions, plus probation.
- Comparator
- Probation as usual.
- Design
- Pragmatic, multicentre, assessor-masked randomized superiority trial.
- Outcomes
- Primary outcome: aggression on the Overt Aggression Scale–Modified at 12 months.
- Follow-up
- Primary endpoint at 12 months; assessments extended to 24 months.
- Key results
- Adjusted difference in aggression at 12 months: −73.5 points (95% CI −113.7 to −33.2), favoring MBT-ASPD plus probation; reported effect size 0.74.
- Limitations
- This tests an adapted program in men under probation, against probation rather than another specialist psychotherapy. Generalization and durability require further study.
Examining Who Benefits from Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Depression: Insights from a Series of Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses (opens in a new tab)
How is patient-level research refining what is known about brief psychodynamic treatment for depression?
outcome research
Free abstract; full article access depends on the publisher.
Evidence appraisal
- Question
- How is patient-level research refining what is known about brief psychodynamic treatment for depression?
- Population
- A collaborative database of 43 trials and 4,155 participants, used across a series of analyses.
- Intervention
- Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, alone or added to antidepressants.
- Comparator
- Control conditions and antidepressant medication, depending on the analysis.
- Design
- Overview of a series of individual-participant-data meta-analyses; not one new pooled comparison of all 43 trials.
- Outcomes
- Depressive symptoms and baseline characteristics associated with different outcomes.
- Follow-up
- Varied across the contributing analyses.
- Key results
- The overview reports efficacy relative to controls and antidepressants and as an addition to medication; episode duration and baseline severity moderated outcomes. The abstract gives no pooled effect size.
- Limitations
- A project overview rather than a single definitive treatment comparison. Moderator findings should not be treated as a validated prescribing rule.
A-Tjak and colleagues (2015): randomized-trial review (opens in a new tab)
Which comparison conditions and populations were included? An older synthesis is not a current comprehensive review.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Cochrane review: substance use (2023) (opens in a new tab)
Compare findings against no intervention and active treatments, and examine evidence certainty.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
PRaCTICED depression trial (2021) (opens in a new tab)
This tests a person-centred experiential treatment in a specific service; it does not establish every person-centered practice.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Linehan and colleagues (2015): DBT component trial (opens in a new tab)
The participants and full treatment conditions differ from a brief peer skills exercise.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Rathgeber and colleagues (2019): couple therapy review (opens in a new tab)
Check study quality, sample sizes, comparisons, and follow-up.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Cuijpers and colleagues (2016): IPT review (opens in a new tab)
Look at results by diagnosis rather than assuming one effect across all problems.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Iwakabe and colleagues (2020): practice-network study (opens in a new tab)
An observational practice study can inform practice but does not establish superiority to other treatments.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
REBT research review (2024) (opens in a new tab)
Consider variations in delivery, outcomes, and design quality.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Group parenting programs review (2012) (opens in a new tab)
This review focuses on conduct problems at ages 3–12; avoid applying it indiscriminately to every family.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.
Web-based deliberate practice: initial feasibility study (opens in a new tab)
Feasibility and acceptability are not the same as demonstrated clinical benefit.
research
Research entry carried forward from the earlier site.